GLOSSARY

This glossary of the 1531 edition of Answer to More is based on The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, (1971). All references with dates have been checked against The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition [1989] on Compact Disk (1994). The glossary defines words whose meanings and forms are not easily recognizable, but it does not attempt to cover such normal 16c variants as c for t, e for 0, i for e, 0 for a, th for d, u for v and v for u, y for i and i for y, etc. It usually limits itself to the spelling and location of the first occurrence of a word, with etc. indicating a later use in the text. Thus, plurals of nouns and different tenses of verbs are omitted, unless another meaning is recorded. In listing page and line numbers, it gives precedence to a word in the body of the text over a sidenote because the latter might be the work of the 16c editor. Half a dozen Northern usages (ane, leppe, pleasant, power, shone, wauntage) may shed light on the origins of Tyndale's family. The glossary also contains: two entries found, not in the text but in the sidenotes (figured, soules slepe); two variants from 1573 with substantially different meanings from 1531 (inough, naught); problematic words from the sidenotes of 1573 (blasing, fast, frequented , lay, naughty, preferred, surely, swinge, wil). The glossary further includes: instances from Answer later (c10) than in OED; words, senses, phrases, and forms earlier than in OED for Tyndale (c40) and for More (c20); quotations from Answer (c50) used as examples by OED; and new usages in Answer (c1o) not found in OED. Because OED gives conflicting dates for many works cited , this account follows the revised STC for Tyndale and CWM for More. The abbreviation see n. refers the reader to the Commentary.

[examples]
before
adv. beforehand
conj. previous to the time when
betimes
also be tymes
adv. before it is too late
vttereth
also vttur
v. 1 pr. 3 s. gives expression to
v. make known the character of
make manifest
describe, report
[a]
A
interj. ah!
a
prep. in
on
abbashed
adj. confused, confounded
abbates
n. abbots
Abbats
n. Abbot's
a bedgynge
also a begging
v. begging
abide
also abyde
v. remain
stand firm
abhomination
also abhominacion
n. wicked practice
detestable vice
abiure
v. abjure, retract
aboute
prep. somewhere on or near the person
abroade
also abrode
adv. abroad, at large
openly, broadly
accept
adj. accepted
accordinge
also accordinge as
adv. accordingly
according to that which
accoyntaunce
n. acquaintance
accursed
adv. worthy of being cursed
damnable, detestable
ace
n. single point, a jot
acointed
v. aquainted
actiuelye
adv. voluntarily
positively
actually
adv. in reality not mystically
with deeds, practically
adamand
adj. very hard
adased
adj. dazzled, confused
adiure
v. adjure, bind under oath
administracion
also administration
n. the performance of an office or duty
the dispensing of a sacrament
adsistence
n. assistance
aduenge
v. avenge
aduenger
n. avenger
aduenture
n. in the phrase, put...in aduenture: put in jeopardy, risk
aduise
n. advice, counsel
adulter
also aduouterer
n. adulterer
aduouryes
n. aduocates, protectors, patrons
aduoyde
v. avoid
advlterye
also advoutry
also advoutrye
n. adultery
a farre
adv. in the phrase,a farre of: remotely
not on target
not explicitly
affeccion
n. in the phrase, of affeccion: from passion
afore
adv. before
afore hande
adv. beforehand, in advance
after
also aftir
adv. later, further on
afterward
after as
conj. according as
after witted
adj. only wise after the event, lacking foresight
aftir
prep. according to
againe
prep. against
in anticipation of
agayne
also agene
also ageyne
adv. again, in return
agaynst
also agenst
conj. by the time that
in anticipation of
agew
n. ague
a good
adv. vigorously, heartily
agreable
adv. in the phrase, agreable vnto: in accordance with
a knowen
adj. in the phrase, be a knowen (of): make confession, acknowledgement, or avowal
make a disclosure
albe
n. white vestment reaching to feet
alient
n. alien, belonging to another person, place, or family
aliquid
pron. Lat. someone or something
a liue
adj. alive in the sense, fully capable, flourishing
all
adj. the whole substance
all
n. in the phrase, all to one: to the same thing
allege
also allegeth
also alleginge
v. cite, quote, but also claim wihtout proof
al to gether
also all together
n. all things together
the entirety
everything
almany
n. Almany, former name of Germany
almesse
also almose
n. alms deeds, acts of charity
alms, charitable gifts
almorye
n. alms-purse
almose deade
also almosedeade
also almose dede
n. alms deeds, acts of charity
a lofte
adv. aloft in the sense of high rank, in a position of authority
alonelye
adv. only, merely
a lowed
adj. in the phrase, a lowed of: received with favor or approval by
alowed
adv. in the phrase, alowed for: conceded it to be
alsouldaye
n. All Soul's Day, a festival commemorating the soulds of the dead on November 2nd
al to
adv. phr. asunder to al to breake to break asunder
alwaye
adv. after all, still
al wayes
also allwaye
adv. in all directions, every which way
Ambasiasies
n. embassies
ambassiadoure
n. official messenger, envoy
amend
also amende
v. correct, reform
reform oneself, abandon one's evil ways
a mendes
n. in the phrase, amendes makyng: amends, reparation
amice
n. oblong vestment of white linen worn around the shoulders over the alb
a misse
also amisse
also amys(s)e
adv. erroneously, faultily
openly, broadly
amonge
adv. all the while
an
prep. on
and
if
but andbut if
and . . . and
conj. 1 both . . . and
ane
numeral adj. Northern variant for one
an eled
v. anointed with oil or chrism*
anew
also a newe
adv. once more
in a new form
angle
n. fishing-hook
annelinge
also anoylinge
also anoylynge
n. the act of anointing with oil or unction *
annexed
also annexyd
adj. joined, added
joined or attached as an attribute or qualification
annoyntmentes
n. ointments, oils
anone
adv. anon, immediately
antetheme
n. text prefixed to a sermon as its theme or motto
antiquate
adj. grown old
obsolete through age
antistrephon
n. antistrophon, i.e. an argument that is retorted upon an opponent
anye thynge
adv. to any extent
any whence
adv. from any place
aparte
adv. aside
a pase
adv. apace, quickly
apayde
ppl. a. pleased
apere
also appeare
v. appear, seem
appear, come into view, become visible
apesplaye
also apes playe
n. suggests both trickery and nonverbal mimicry, both traits associated with apes
apon
prep. upon, on the ground or basis of
apoynte
v. decree or prescribe to
apparetars
n. apparitors, officers of an ecclesiastical court
appelled
v. pa. appealed to a higher authority for deliverance from the adverse decision of a lower
apperinge
ppl. a. apparent, seeming
apposed
adj. examined, interrogated
apposed
questioned
confronted with hard questions
appoyntement
n. agreement, pact, contract
apte
adj. fit
inclined
aright
also a ryght
adv. correctly, properly
arme
v. supply with necessary resources
in the phrase, arme vs frome: protect us from (by supplying with necessary resources)
armoure
also armure
n. armor (fig.), spiritual defence or protection
a robbynge
adj. robbing
a rouynge
adj. roving, roaming
arow
adv. in succession
article
n. a doctrinal statement, spec. of the Apostles' Creed
as
adv. as if, as though
a slepe
adv. in the phrase, brought a slepe: caused to become asleep
as moche
also asmoche
adv. as much
in the phrase, said asmoche: said the same
a sonder
adv. asunder, apart
assaltes
v. assaults
assaut
n. assault
asshes
n. in the phrase, takinge asshes: receiving ashes sprinkled on the head or in the mark of a cross
assone
adv. as soon
assoyle
v. clear up, resolve
assumpcion
astonyed
adj. astonished
aswel
also as well
adv. as much, to the same extent
at
prep. on the occasion of
ate
v. eaten
at one
also attone
adv. reconciled
atonemaker
n. one who atones or helps another to atone
attende to
v. listen to, hearken unto
attonce
also attonse
adv. at once, immediately
attonement
also attonment
n. atonement in the sense propitiation of God by expiation of sin
reconciliation with God
attorney
n. advocate, pleader, mediator
auctor
n. author in the sense creator, founder
auctorite
n. authority
audience
n. in the phrase, geue...none audience: pay no heed
augmentinge
n. augmentation, increase
autencttike
also autentike
adj. worthy of belief, trustworthy
authentic, authoritative
awaye
adv. absent, wanting
awne
also nawne
adj. own
a worth
adv. take(n) a worth borne patiently
Ave
n. the prayer "Ave Maria" or "Hail Mary"
axe
v. ask
request
axes
n. access, ague, intermitting fever
[b]
babe
n. a foolish fellow
babels
v. baubles, showy childish trinkets, but also the rods carried by court jesters as signs of their office with possible allusion to the confused languages at the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-9)
bacbiter
n. backbiter
a slanderer or secret calumniator
bad
also bade
also bidde
v. bade, commanded
bage
n. badge, sign
bak
also bake
adv. back
balaunce
n. scale of a balance
bald
also baulde
adj. destitute of meaning
banket
v. banquet, feast
baptem
also baptim
also baptime
also baptym
also baptyme
n. baptism
bare
adj. destitute
bare
v. bore, gave birth to*
barefoot
also bare foote
also barefote
adv. with feet uncovered (as a penance)
bare heade
adv. with head uncovered (as a penance)
barelie
adv. poorly, baldly
baren
adj. barren in the sense useless, unproductive
bargens
n. bargains, agreements made in transactions between parties
bastarde
n. sweet Spanish wine
batayle
also batayll
also battayle
n. battle, hostile engagement
strife, conflict
bate
n. in the phrase, be at bate: like a chained bear attacked by dogs
discord, strife
baudes
n. bawds, panders, people employed in pandering to sexual debauchery*
bawdery
n. the practice of a bawd; the business of providing opportunities for sexual immorality*
bayly arauntes
also baylie
n. bailiff-errants, agents of the lord of a manor, stewards of a landholder, officers of justice under a sheriff
be
aux. v. Form of "be" with intrans. verb in perfect tenses to express the condition or state now attained, become [sic]
is come
haue be pp. form, 14–15c.
be
prep. by
beades
n. rosary
beare
also bere
v. bear, carry
in the phrase, beare...in hand(e): delude, abuse with false pretenses
beastes
n. cattle
because
conj. in order that, so that
bedged
v. begged
vbl. n. v. inf. beggar, impoverish
bedger
n. beggar
bedgerd
also beggerde
v. reduced to destitution
bedgerie
n. beggary, poverty
bedgynge
adj. begging
bedred
adj. bedridden, confined to bed
beed
n. bed
beedrolles
also beydroule
n. list of persons for whom prayers are to be offered
beest
adj. best
beest
n. beast, usually referring to Satan
beestely
adv. irrational
beestlynesse
n. unintelligence
before
adv. beforehand
before
conj. previous to the time when
begat
v. begot, fathered
beggerie
n. in the phrase, swere beggerie: take a vow of poverty
begone
v. in the phrase, begone astray: be gone or are gone astray
begone
adj. begun
behinde
adv. in the past
beleffe
also beleue
n. belief
beleue
v. in the phrase, beleue in: rely upon
belie
also belye
v. tell lies about
bely
adj. fleshly, carnal
n. belly
benefice
also benfice
n. an ecclesiastical living
in the phrase, sell a benefice: indulgence
benefit
also benifite
n. profit, advantage
kind deed, benefaction
pl. favors, kindnesses, gifts
benefundatum
n. Lat. arguments based on well-founded premises
berdes
n. beards
bere
also beare
v. bear, carry
beringe
v. in the phrase, beringe recorde: bearing witness
beshrew
v. curse
besie
adj. busy
in the phrase, do their besie cure: apply themselves diligently
beste
n. beast, animal
bestowe
v. in the phrase, bestowe...vpon: confer as a gift to
besydes
adv. in addition
besydes
away from
over and above
bet
also bete
v. beat
betell
n. insect taken as a type of blindness
betimes
also be tymes
also betymes
adv. before it is too late
betokeneth
also betokenith
v. signifies
betwixt
prep. between
bewyche
v. bewitch, charm
bigamus
adj. remarried after death of first wife
bil
n. written document
binde
also bynde
v. tie, restrain
obligates
bindinge
n. spiritual binding, keeping spiritually captive
bisshapes
n. Tyndale's deliberately satirical misspelling of "bishops"
bisshopes
also busshopes
n. pl. Translation of NT "episkopos," overseers, a class of officers in the early Christian church
bisshopricke
also bysshoperikes
n. bishopric, office of a bishop
blasing
n. blazing, boasting
bleare
also blere
v. deceive, hoodwink
blesse
also blise
v. bless in the sense protect or guard, to keep (from evil)
blessid
adj. worthy to be blessed by men
blynd
v. hide, conceal
bocher
also bocchers
n. butcher
poss.butcher's
bodely
also bodelye
adv. bodily i.e. physically rather than spiritually
bofeted
also bofetted
adj. buffeted, beaten
bogge
n. bugbear, terror
boke
also bokesbooke
n. book
in the phrase, without booke: from memory
bold
also bolde
adj. bold, fearless
confident
boldlye
adv. confidently
bolles
n. pl. bulls, papal edicts
bonde
adj. in the phrase, bonde saruaunt: slave
bondeman
n. slave
bongler
n. bungler, clumsy unskillful worker
borowyd
also borowed
adj. borrowed in the sense taken or used at second-hand, adopted opportunistically
bosh
n. ivy bush as sign of tavern
bost
also boste
v. extoll oneself, speak vaingloriously of oneself
boteth
v. boots, avails
bottes
n. pl. parasitical worms or maggots
bowes
n. boughs (such as the willow branches borne on Palm Sunday)
bowinge
also bowyng
v. in the phrase, bowinge the kne: bending at the knee to show honor
bending in the phrase, bowyng a peny or a grote: ratifying an agreement by bending a coin
boxe
n. offering box
small receptacle for drugs or ointments
brake
v. break
openly, broadly
braste
v. burst
braulynge
n. noisy quarreling
wrangling
contention
bravelth
v. brawls
bred
also breed
n. bread
brent
adj. burnt
brestes
n. private thoughts and feelings
brestys
n. breasts i.e. hearts
bretherhed
also broderhedes
also brotherheed
n. brotherhood
brethern
also bretherne
n. brethren, brothers
persons bound to others by reason of their shared humanity
briddes
also bryddes
n. birds
bring
also bringe
v. in the phrase, bring...in/unto: lead or conduct (one) in/to
bringeth
v. adduces (a statement or argument)
brode
n. brood, crew
brought
adj. in the phrase, brought to: caused to become
bruntbrunte
v. burnt
bruwing
n. in the phrase, in bruwing: in the process of brewing i.e. (fig.) concocting, scheming
brybry
n. bribery
bud
v. in the phrase, bud out: spring forth as a bud
bugg
n. bug, in the sense object of needles fear
an imaginary terror
burne
v. be inflamed with desire
burthen
n. burden
bushe
also bussh
n. branch or bunch of ivy (perhaps as the plant that was sacred to Bacchus) hung up as a vintner's sign
busse
v. buzz, mutter
busshel
also busshell
n. vessel used as a bushel measure
busshopericke
also busshapericke
n. bishopric, office of a bishop
busy
adj. actively engaged
but
adv. only
unless
but
also butte
conj. except
but that
butter
v. contemptuous term for anointing with oil
by
v. be
by
prep. through, by means of
according to
by and by
adv. phr. immediately
byde
v. in the phrase, byde out: endure to the end
bydeth
v. pr. 3 s. remains
endures
bye
adv. near
bye
also by
v. buy
in the phrase, bye out: ransom, redeem
bydden
adj. bidden, beseeched
byld
also bylde
v. build, build up
bylles
n. bills, weapons of war that are like broadswords
byndinge
n. spiritual binding, keeping spiritually captive
byrchin
adj. composed of birch
byshopynge
n. the rite of confirmation
bysshoped
pp. confirmed
[c]
C
n. "centum" (Lat.), hundred
cal
also call
also calle
v. call
in the phrase, call vnto remembraunce: recall to mind
calenge
also chalenge
v. challenge in the sense lay claim to, assert title to
cancred
adj. cankered in the sense corrupt, evil
canvesed
v.2 pp. solicited
canvesynge
pres. part. soliciting
capital
adj. deadly, mortal
capitaynes
n. chiefs, leaders
cappes of mayntenaunce
n. ceremonial crimson velvet hats denoting special office or authority
captayne
n. captain
captiue
v. captivate, enthrall
captyuinge
n. captivating, enthralling (of the reason, will, etc.)
cardenalshepes
n. offices of cardinals
care
v. feel concern, trouble oneself
carefull
adj. full of concern, anxious
careyeth
v. carries, in the sense leads, conducts
carnell
n. kernel
case
n. condition, state
cast
v. estimate, conjecture
anticipate
castinge
n. anticipating
castynge
v. devising, scheming
catch
v. in the phrase, catch no harme: avoid experiencing or incurring harm
cauellacions
also cavillacions
n. pl. cavils, frivolous objections
causes
also cawses
n. law cases, suits
cautels
n. pl. strategems, sleights
ceason
also season
also seson
v. season in the figurative sense of correct, imbue with that which makes morally good
ceremones
also ceremonyes
also cerimones
also cerimonyes
n. ceremonies, religious rites or observances
certayne
adj. certain in the sense particular, distinct
certifie
also certefye
also certifye
v. pres. assure
cetysens
n. citizens
chaffe
n. husks
chammeth
v. chews
chamminge
vbl. n. chewing
chanons
n. canons, clergymen who live in the precinct of a cathedral or collegiate church and order their lives by the canons or rules of that church
chapman
n. merchant
character
n. indelible quality imprinted on the soul by baptism, confirmation, and holy orders
charge
n. responsibility
charge
v. exhort, command
chargeable
adj. burdensome
charite
also charitie
also charyte
n. done my charite given alms
saint charite Christian love personified
patience
charite
v. Tyndale's coinage
charmes
n. pl. incantations
charterhouse
also charterhousse
also charterhowse
n. Carthusian monastery
chast
v. chasten
to correct or amend by discipline
chastice
v. chastise, punish
chastite
n. chastity, sexual purity
celibacy
chaunce
v. come about by chance, occur
chaunceler
n. chancellor, vicar-general of bishops presiding over ecclesiastical courts
chaunces
n. mischances, mishaps,
chaunge
n. exchange, trade
chauntrees
also chauntres
also Chauntreys
n. chapels endowed for the maintenance of one or more priests to sing daily mass for the souls of the founders or others specified by them
cheare
n. in the phrase, make good cheare: make merry, be cheerful
chefe
adj. chief, foremost
chepe
n. abundance (of commodities)
chiualrie
n. army, host
chope
also choppe
n. in the phrase, at the first chop(p)e: at the first stroke, immediately
choplogicall
also chopologicall
adj. sophistical, usually referring to an argument made using chopped logic; Tyndale's satiric rendering of "tropological," one of the four traditional senses of the scripture
chosing
n. choosing
chresom
also chrisome
n. in the phrase, chresom cloth: a white robe put on infant at baptism
Christen
n. Christian(s)
adj. Christian
Christendome
n. condition of being Christian
one's baptism
church
a building for public Christian worship
officers of an ecclesiastical organization, especially the clergy
"Holy Church" as opposed to "State"
a local congregation
the Church Universal
the Invisible Church of the elect
any group having a common belief
churl
also chorlle
n. boor, rude or ill-bred fellow
miser
churlishe
also churlysh
adj. hard, ungracious
churlishnesse
also churlyshnesse
n. rudeness, harshness
chyrchinges
n. the public appearance of women at church to give thanks after childbirth; the ceremony performed at this time
chyrese
n. cherries
clame
v. pa. climbed
clappinge
n. striking hands together as a sign of agreement to a bargain
clave
v. in the phrase, clave vnto: cleave, hold fast, or adhere to
claw
also clawe
v. scratch gently, flatter
cleane
adj. complete
cleane
also clene
adv. in the phrase, cleane contrary: entirely contrary
clercke
n. scholar
clery
also clerye
adv. completely, unreservedly
clearly, with certainty
distinctly, with clarity
cleue
also cleve
v. cleave, cling, adhere
clocke
also cloke
n. cloak, a bell-shaped cape
clocketh
v. clucks
cloked
adj. cloaked, concealed
clooke
v. cloak, dissemble
closture
also cloyster
n. cloister
cloyster
adj. cloister, false
cloute
n. cloth
clymneth
v. climbs
clyppinge
n. clasping, embracing
coddes
n. husks
cofer
n. coffer, treasury
strong box
coheyre
n. coheir, joint heir
colectes
also collectes
also collects
n. collects, short prayers said before the Epistle in the Mass
colicke
n. colic, pains in the belly
coloure
n. outward appearance
colyer
n. maker or carrier of charcoal
combe
n. in the phrase, set vp thy combe: be proud
combraunce
n. encumbrance in the sense trouble, distress
cumbrance, entanglement
combred
pp. perplexed
overthrown, routed
hampered
come
v. in the phrase, come ... to: result in
come
v. pa. came
comen
also commen
also commune
also comune
adj. possessed and shared by all
in the phrase, comen charges: ordinary expenses
in the phrase, comen wemen: prostitutes
comenly
adj. frequently
comen wealth
also comen welthcommune wealth
n. common good, general well-being
comffettes
n. comfits, sweetmeats made of fruit or seeds preserved with sugar
comforte
n. support, source of strength
relief
comfortoure
n. Comforter, Holy Spirit
commissaries
n. officer exercising spiritual jurisdiction as the representative of the bishop in parts of his diocese
committed
adj. given in charge, entrusted
communicacion
also communicacyon
n. conversation
social interaction, dealings
companie
n. Translation of "ekklesia" in Acts 19.32, band
persons casually brought together
compas
also compase
also compasse
n. circumscribed space, area
limits
compased
adj. hemmed in, beleagered, besieged
circumvented
compasse
v. surround
compassinge
also compassynge
adj contriving, devising
compelle
v. in the phrase, compelle intrare: to force to enter
compelled
ppl. a. compelled with constrained by
compendious
adj. concise, brief
compendiousnes
n. conciseness, brevity
complayne
v. pres. lament
complayntes
n. pl. grounds of complaint
complexcyon
also complexion
also complextion
n. bodily constitution
disposition of mind, nature
comprehended
pp. included in a book
comyssaryes
n. commissaries, officers representing bishops in parts of their dioceses
conceytes
n. fanciful notions
conclude
v. infer
v. pr. 3 s. decides
pp. confuted
conclusion
n. proposition, dictum, dogma, tenet (with notion of "inference" obscured or lost)
condicions
n. pl. morals, behavior
condicyon
v. make dependent on a condition to be fulfilled
confeccions
n. confections, preserves made of fruit, spices, and sugar
confirme
also confyrme
v. make firm, strengthen
corroborate
affirm, assert
confiteor
v. (Lat.) I confess
conforme
v. form or fashion according to a model
confounded
also confoundyd
adj. abashed, put to shame
confoundid
v. discomfited in argument, confuted
confusion
n. overthrow, ruin, destruction
congregation
also congregacion
also congregacyon
n. a particular local assembly of believers
the whole body of the faithful
coniuracion
n. conjuration, magic spell
coniurar
n. conjurer, magician
coniure
n. conjure in the sense entreat
appeal solemnly to
beseech
coniuringe
n. in the phrase, the coniuringe of church: the blasphemous appropriation of a sacred object or ceremony
consayte
n. in the phrase, in oure awne consyte: in our own conceits, in our own estimations
conspiracion
n. the act of conspiring
constitutions
n. decrees, laws, regulations
contentyng
also contentynge
n. making satisfaction, compensating
continew
also continue
also contynue
v. maintain, cause to last or endure
last, flourish
contrary
adj. the opposite
contrary wise
also contrarie wise
adv. on the contrary
contre
also contrey
also contreye
n. country, region
conuersacion
also conuersation
n. behavior, mode of life
consorting
conuersion
n. change from sinfulness to holiness
conuicte
adj. convicted
convayar
n. nimble thief
convaye
v. take, steal
conversacion
n. in the phrase, have conversacion: to live among
conveyaunce
n. sleight of hand
conynge
adj. learned
corage
n. inclination
sexual inclination, lust
coresey
n. corrosive, i.e. (fig.) grievance
corne
n. grain
corosy
n. a corrosive drug, remedy
corporiscloth
n. a linen cloth upon which the consecrated elements are placed during the celebration of the Mass
corrage
v. encourage
correck
v. correct
correct
adj. corrected, punished
corrupte
also corupt
adv. corrupted, rendered morally unsound
perverted the text or sense by altering for evil ends
corsies
n. corrosives for healing purposes
cory
v. in the phrase, cory and clawe: "stroke down" with flattery or blandishment
cost
also coste
n. expense
cootte
also cote
also cotte
n. coat, robe
coude
v. past subj. had they coude had they been able
couenaunt
also covenaunt
n. compact made by God with human beings
engagement with God entered into by believers at baptism or admission into visible church
agreement made between people
couent
also covente
n. convent, a religious community
couereth
v. conceals
coulle
also cowle
n. cowl, hooded cload
councell
also counsel
also consel
n. council, body of advisors
counsel, advice
counseled
v. pa. recommended a plan
took counsel with
counselles
n. assemblies, council meetings
the deliberations that take place at these meetings
counte
v. esteem, consider, regard
counterfeted keyes
also counterfayted keyes
n. in the sense, false keys (i.e., ceremonies, traditions) to the kingdom of heaven
coupleth
v. joins
courage
n. intention, purpose
desire
heart or spirit
mind, disposition
course
n. turn
custom, practice
craft
also crafte
n. trade, profession
guile, cunning
credence
n. trustworthiness, credibility
in the phrase, credence of: belief in
credible
adj. trustworthy
credo
n. referring to the Apostles' Creed or the Nicene Creed, or more generally a creed or formula of belief
creptest
v. crept, moved stealthily
crestes
n. plumes or tufts of feathers
in the phrase, set vp their crestes: exalt themselves, to lord it
crie
v. in the phrase, crie vpon: appeal to, urge
cropen
pp. crept
crose
n. crosier, the pastoral staff or crook of a bishop or abbot
crosserowe
n. alphabet
crowechinge
n. crouching in the sense bowing humbly or servilely
crucify
v. in fig. sense to mortify
to destroy the power of (passions, sins, the felsh)
crudelite
n. cruelty
cruel
adj. extremely painful, severe
cubett
n. cubit
curate
n. pastor, parson
cure
n. care
in the phrase, in cure: under care, in one's charge
curiosite
n. curiosity, a matter upon which undue care is bestowed
a vanity or nicety
curtestie
also curtesy
also curtesye
n. act of obeisance (to God)
act of courtesy or politeness
customable
adj. customary, habitual
custome
n. tribute, duty
habitual practice
cyte
v. cite, summon formally to appear
[d]
dalyethe
v. dallies, trifles under the guise of serious action
dampnest
v. damn
dastard
n. a dullard
dasynge
n. dazing, stupefaction
daunger
n. jurisdiction, power to inflict physical injury
dausinge
n. dancing
deade
also dede
n. deed, act
deadly
adv. implacably, to the death
excessively
deare
adj. expensive
deare
adv. in the phrase, as deare bought: redeemed at as great a cost
debite
n. deputy
decayed
adj. reduced in prosperity
declareth
v. pr. 3 s. explains, makes clear
decretals
n. papal decrees or decretal epistles
dedely
also dedlye
also deedly
also deedlye
adj. deadly, mortal
entailing spiritual death
aiming to destroy, implacable
deed
n. dead
adj. in the phrase, the deed: the dead
deferre
also dyffer
v. defer delay
defiaunce
n. renunciation of allegiance
declaration of hostility
defie
also defye
also diffie
v. renounce, reject
degre
also degree
n. rank, grade, order, social station
relative conditions or states of being
dekaie
v. decline
fall into ruin
delectacion
also delectation
n. delight, enjoyment
delicious
adj. tending to sensuous indulgence, luxurious
delyuer
also delyver
also delyvre
v. set free, liberate, rescue
departe
v. share
be severed
depe
adj. intense
deep, grave
depely
also depelye
adv. solemnly, gravely
describeth
v. gives a detailed account of
desease
also disease
n. disease, disquiet, trouble
evil tendency
deserued
adj. merited
deseruinges
also dservynges
n. deserts, merits
deserve
v. to acquire through virtuous actions
desier
n. desire
desire
also desyer
also desyre
v. request, ask for (a thing of or from someone)
request, entreat (someone for a thing)
desperacion
also desperation
n. despair
despice
v. despise, scorn
despiced
adj. despised, looked down upon
detecte
adj. detected, exposed
determe
v. determine, decide
detestat
adj. detested, cursed
dett
n. debt
deuocion
also deuotion
n. reverence
devout dedication (to a person, cause, or thing)
deuorced
n. one who is divorced, divorcée
deuorcement
n. divorce
deuoure
n. duty, appointed task
deuyne
adj. in the phrase, deuyne seruice: divine service, public worship of God
devorce
also devorse
n. v.
dewes
n. dews, things likened to dew in having refreshing power
diet
also diote
v. to regulate a person's food as a punishment
diffiaunce
n. defiance, renunciation of allegiance; declaration of hostility
dignities
n. persons of high office
dignitaries
diligenterly
adv. more assiduously
directe
adj. directed, addressed
disalowed
adj. not accepted to be valid
rejected, repudiated
disanull
v. make null and void, abolish
disceaueablenesse
n. deceivableness, deceitfulness
disceueable
adj. deceitful
discharged
pp. discharged of exempted from
disconsent
v. refuse consent
discret
also discrete
also dyscrete
adj. prudent, possessing sound judgement, judicious
disgeste
v. digest
disgised
n. costumed actor
disgisnge
n. assumption of a disguise
giving of a false representation (i.e., trickery)
disgraduate
v. depose from a degree or dignity, deprive of rank or privilege
disgresse
v. disgrade, degrade, remove ecclesiastical status
disheret
v. disinherit
dispayre
also dispeare
dispence
also dispense
v. grant dispensation
allow exemption from a rule
dispensars
n. dispensers, disseminators
dispicience
n. disputation
dispicions
n. pl. disputations
displeasure
n. a wrong, an offense
dipose
v. regulate or govern in an orderly way
control
disused
adj. disaccustomed, made to become unused (to anything)
diuellishlie
adv. devilishly, wickedly
diuerse
adj. diverse, different in character
diverse, various
diuinite
also diuinitie
n. divinity, theology
in the phrase, hie diuinitie: authority or high status of holder of a theological degree and/or office in the Church
do
v. in the phrase, do the: render unto you
doblinge
n. doubling, repetition
docter
also doctor
also doctoure
n. learned divine
holder of doctorate degree in theology
doctrine
n. knowledge
teaching
domage
n. damage, disadvantage
domme
also doume
adj. meaningless, stupid, senseless
domnation
n. damnation
done
adv. down
doo
v. to doo n. phr. ado, business, fuss
doothe
also dothe
also doeth
also doethe
v. does
dosen
also dossen
n. dozen
doubte
also doute
also dowbte
n. state of uncertainty
doucheland
Germany
douchlonde
doute
v. doubt
draffe
n. dregs, refuse
draue
v. drove
drawen
adj. drawn, attracted
enticed
derived
draweth
v. in the phrase, draweth from: draws (one) apart from
separates (one) from
dresse
v. inf. dresse . . . meate prepare for use as food
drieth
also dryeth
n. dryness
drinkinge
adj. swalling down (food or drink)
dronk
also dronke
adj. drunk
dronken
adj. intemperate, unreasonable, as a drunken person is
drudge
n. drudgery, menial work
dryueth
v. drives, impels
duckynge
n. bowing
dulia
n. veneration given to saints and angels
dunce
disciple of Duns Scotus, subtle reasoner
durst
v. dared
dutie
also dutye
also dute
n. due, debt
obligation
dyd
v. did
dyner
n. dinner
dyontinge
n. dieting, limiting the quantity of food as a punishment
dysapoynte
v. in the phrase, dysapoynte the of: frustrate your expectation of
dysposed
adj. in the phrase, dysposed...to: inclined to
[e]
eare
n. in the phrase, eare confession: auricular confession
eare
v. plough, till the ground
Ebrewe
adj. Hebrew
echone
n. each one
edifieng
also edifienge
n. spiritual instruction and improvement
effecte
n. essential significance
meaning
import
fulfillment
effeminate
adj. womanly in the sense wanton, given to indulgence in sensual pleasures
efeminatly
adv. in an effeminate way, manner, or style
egall
adj. equal
elder
n.3 Translation of NT "presbyteros," a class of officers in the early Christian church
electe
adj. chosen by God for salvation
electe
n. 2 one chosen by God for salvation
election
n. God's choosing of some in preference to others for eternal salvation
eles
also elles
also els
also else
adv. else, otherwise
encrease
also encreace
n. crops, produce
bounty of the land
increase, augmentation
endeuoure
n. effort, strenuous attempt
endeuoure
also endeuer
v. exert (oneself)
endote
v. endow
enduceth
v. induces, persuades
endure
v. persist
enfeffe
v. invest, grant ownership
enforce
v. strive, attempt
enforcement
n. energetic activity, the putting forth of effort
enforme
v. form
inform, instruct
enhabyters
n. inhabiters
enheret
also enherett
v. inherit
enheritaunce
n. inheritance
enjoyne
also ioyne
v. impose or prescribe (a penalty, task, obligation, esp. penance) on or to a person
ensample
also exsample
n. example in the sense model (of conduct, of vertue)
illustrative instance
enserch
v. investigate
entente
n. intent, purpose
intended function
enterpret
v. interpret, explain
construe
entreat
v. treat, deal with
entreted
also entreaded
v. treated (a subject)
entrynge
n. access, passage
enuye
also enuie
n. hostile feeling, ill-will
envye
v. inf. vie with
eny
also ony
adj. any
equite
n. equity, impartiality
erbe
n. herb, herbage
ergo
adv. (Lat.)therefore
ernest
also yernest
n. pledge
erre
v. stray, wander
erthie
adj. earthly, worldly
erthyshe
adj. earthly
espieth
v. discovers
discerns
estape
v. escape
estate
n. status, standing, position in the world
condition, state
occupation
estemed
adj. esteemed, considered
valued
etche
n. each
ether
conj. either
or
etherother
pron. each other
euel
also euell
adj. unfortunate
in the phrase, euel conscience: guilty conscience, bad conscience
euell
adv. in the phrase, euell content: ill-contented, displeased
in the phrase, euell fauoured: ugly, defective
euen
n. evening
euen
also even
adv. namely, that is to say
exactly, precisely
euer
also ever
adv. always
euer more
also euermore
adv. always
evensonge
n. vespers, evening prayer or devotion
evidently
adv. clearly
exalt
also exalte
v. raise in rank, honor, power, wealth
examen
also examyn
v. examine, judge or appraise according to a standard
exceadinge
also exceadinghly
also excedinge
adv. exceedingly, extremely
exceadinge1
adj. extremely great
of surpassing excellence
exceapte
conj. unless
but
excepte
ppl. a. excepted, exempted
excercice
n. disciplinary suffering, fasting
excesse
n. excessive numbers
excomunicat
pp. excluded by an authoritative sentence from participation in the sacraments
execrat
adj. declared accursed
executed
pp. carried into effect
exempcions
also exemptions
n. privilege by which persons or institutions within the Church are exmpted from the jurisdiction of the ordinary (e.g. the bishop of one's diocese, the arch-bishop of one's province) and placed directly under that of the Holy See
exercise
n. religious observance, worship
exercised
v. pa. gained skill by practice
pp. employed habitually, practised
expedyent
adj. suitable, proper
experte
adj. experienced
exposicion
also exposition
n. interpretation
commentary
expresly
adv. explicitly
extremite
n. extremity, utmost degree
utmost degree of suffering
eye service
n. service performed merely for outward show or when under observation
[f]
faces
n. pretences
facion
also fassion
also fassyon
also fation
n. fashion, manner
appearance
kind, sort
facion
also fassion
also fassyon
also fation
v. fashion, shape, make
fagat
n. faggot, bundle of sticks
faine
adj. glad under the circumstances
faintie
adj. faint, sickly
faith
n. felinge faith conviction practically operative on the character and will
fall
sb 1. (Sense not in OED) abbreviated form of offal: refuse, waste
fall
v. in the phrase, fall flat vppon: depend entirely upon
fallinge sycknesse
n. epilepsy
falshed
also falsheed
n. falsehood, deceitfulness
familier
adj. familiar, unceremonious (as among family or close friends)
famyshement
n. famine
fanon
n. short band corresponding with the stole, originally a kind of napkin worn on left wrist of celebrant at Mass
fare
adv. far
fare
v. in the phrase, fare the worse: experience worse fortune or treatment
fareth
v. 1 pr. 3 s. fareth . . . foule with him selfe behaves in an ugly manner
farthinge
also ferdinge
also ferthinge
also ferthynge
n. farthing (a quarter penny)
fautie
adj. guilty of wrong-doing
fast
adj. firm, steadfast
fast
adv. vigorously
fate
also fatte
n. the richest, choicest part of anything
fatherhed
n. fatherhood, a title of respect or respectful form of address for the pope or other high-ranking ecclesiastic
fauouringe
adj. looking kindly upon, approving
faute
n. fault, misdeed
fautlesse
adj. faultless, irreproachable
fayne
adj. fain, well-pleased
fayne
adv. gladly, willingly
fayne
v. fain, wish, desire
fayne
v. feign fayne them conjure up
faynedly
adv. feignedly, deceitfully
fayre
adv. fairly, courteously
feade
v. feed
fealinge
n. feeling, sense of touch
fealowship
n. fellowship, communion, spiritual union
fealte
adj. sensed, recognized
feare
v frighten, inspire with fear
feasterd
adj. festered
fele
v. apprehend
come to know
feleable
adj. manifest
felinge
n. belief based on emotion or intuition and not solely on reason
felow
n. fellow man as in brother, neighbor
fenix
n. phoenix
ferme
n. farm
ferre
adv. far
ferre forth
adv. to the specified extent and no more
feruentnes
n. ardor, eagerness, zeal
feryth
v. fears
fett
also fetche
v. pa. fett out fetched out, drew forth
v. inf. obtain
feyth
n. in the phrase, feyth of: faith in
fiarce
adj. fierce
fifte
also fyfte
adj. fifth
figure
n. in logic, a form determined by the different position of the middle term in the premises of a syllogism
n. pl. in rhetoric, the various forms of expression, deviating from the normal arrangment or use of words, adopted to give beauty, variety or force to a composition
figured
pp. represented typically, symbolically
finde
also fynde
v. maintain, support
fine
v. pres. pay a penalty
fingers
also fyngers
n. in the phrase, feale at oure fungers endes: sense and know readily and certainly
in the phrase,lo(o)ke thorow the fyngers (at): take no heed of, pretend not to see
flappe
n. in the phrase, flappe with a foxe tayle: slap with a fox tail, i.e. trivial rebuke
flat
adv. in the phrase, flat sowthe: due south
flater
also flatter
v. to try to win favor by obsequious speech or conduct
to court
fled
pp. hastened for protection
flese
n. quantity of wool shorn from a sheep at one time
flesh
also fleshe
n. meat
fleshlie
also fleshlye
adv. materially as opposed to spiritually
with concern for the present life
fleashely
also fleshelye
also fleshlie
adj. bodily, physical
worldly, carnal as opposed to spiritual
concerned with or influenced by the present life
flotesse
n. grease floating on surface of a liquid, esp. skimmed fat, dripping
flye
v. rush, flee
fole
n. fool
folyshe
adj. foolish
insignificant, trifling
fontanye
n. spring, source
foo
n. foe
for
prep. as a precaution against, on account of, in spite of
forbere
v. bear, endure
tolerate
forbyddeth
v. forbids
fore-
prefix foresinnes n. pl. previous sins
foregood dedes
n. good deeds formerly performed
forgote
adj. forgotten
fore sinnes
also fore synnes
n. sins formerly committed
forsoke
v. forsook, abandoned
renounced, repudiated allegiance to
for southe
adv. forsooth, truly
forswere
v. deny, repudiate
abandon or renounce on oath, abjure
forsworne
adj. further, promote
for that
conj. for the reason that
forther
v. further, promote
forth on
adv. forwards, onwards
forth with
adv. immediately
forthynke
v. be sorry for, repent of
forthynkynge
vbl. n. repentance
fortuned
v. happened, chanced to occur
fote
n. foot
fotestole
n. footstool
fought
pp. engaged in conflict
found
pp. set up, originated
foundacions
n. endowed institutions, monasteries
founders
n. endowers
openly, broadly
frame
adj. (Form and meaning not in OED) square
framed
ppl. a. fashioned
franke
adj. in the phrase, fre & franke: either independent of others' jurisdiction or free of legal and moral restraints
fratrye
n. refectory
freatynge
adj. gnawing, consuming, wasting
openly, broadly
frequented
pp. practised
frete
v. fret, gradually destroy, corrode
frewil
n. free will
frowarde
adj. unreasonable, perverse
frowardnesse
n. perversity, wrongheadedness
fructeful
also fructful
adj. fruitful, productive of good results, good works
fructe
also frute
n. abvantage, benefit, profit
offspring, progeny
frutelese
also fructlesse
adj. fruitless, useless
unprofited, not attaining one's object
fryer
also fryre
n. friar
full
adj. fully provided for
having great wealth
full
adv. fully, completely
fullfill
also full fill
v. fully supply what is wished for
carry out, complete
fulnesse
n. the condition of being well provided for, of having great wealth
furder
adv. further, more
furyousnesse
n. fury, fierce passion
fydelyte
n. fidelity, loyalty, allegiance
fynde
v. support
pp. supported
[g]
gable
n. rope or cable, esp. one used on a ship
gape
v. in the phrase, gape for: be eager to obtain
gather
v. infer
gaye
adj. bright, showy
gendereth
v. engenders, gives rise to
generacion
n. breed, kind
in the phrase, new generacion: regeneration, spiritual renewal
gentill men
n. gentlemen, men of gentle birth
gest
n. romance, story
idle tale
get
also gete
v. obtain
come to a state or condition
beget
geue
v. pres. concede, yield
glasse
n. looking-glass, mirror
glerynge
adj. glaring, fiercely staring
gloriouse
adj. possessing glory, magnificent
splendid in beauty or richness of adornment in an ironic sense
ostentatious
proud
glose
v. in the phrase, glose out: veil with glosses, explain away
gloses
n. pl. marginal notes, expositions
Godly
adj. of or relating to God
divine
godly
adv. in a godly manner
divinely
Godwarde
also godward
adv. in the phrase, to Godwarde: towards God
Godys
also Godes
also goddes
n. God's
goeth
v. pr. 3 s. goeth to get to work
goo
v. subj. 3 s. walk
good
adj. effectual
good
n. property, possessions
money
gorge
n. cast his gorge express extreme disgust
gostlie
also gostlye
adj. spiritual
belonging to an ecclesiastical order
gouernars
also gouerners
n. (church) officials
governers, rulers
goulde
n. gold, money
governaunce
n. manner or method of governing
gowne
n. cloak
grace
n. Divine influence which regenerates and sanctifies humans
sexual favor
n. pl. dispensations from some of the statuable conditions required for a university degree
graffed
adj. in the phrase, graffed into: grafted into
form a vital, indissoluble union with
grasse
n. hay
graunt
n. admission, acknowledgment
graunte
v. inf. to yield
great
n. in the phrase, in great: in total, in all
greate
adj. eminent
gredines
also gredinesse
n. in the phrase, gredines(se) (of, to): greediness, eagerness (for, to)
greffe
n. grief, suffering
harm, offence
greit
adj. great
grenegynger
n. giner preserves
greuouse
adj. grievous, burdensome, oppressive
deserving of heavy penalties
gropithe
v. gropes
attempts to find something by feeling about as in the dark or as a blind person
grosly
adv. plainly
in plain terms
grosse
adj. of conspicuous magnitude, obvious
grote
n. groat, English coin issued 1351–1662 equal to four pence
grouge
v. grudge, grumble, complain
growen
adj. in the phrase, growen in: grown in, progressed toward maturity in
grudge
n. reluctance
scruple, misgiving
grudge1
v. in the phrase, grudge agaynst: complain about
gulden
n. gold coin formerly current in the Netherlands and part of Germany
gylden
adj. overlaid with a thin coat of gold. Mistake for gilded, first use (3.), this instance. wonne his gylden spores to gain knighthood by some act of valor , to attain distinction
gyse
n. custom
[h]
habite
n. in the phrase, holye habite: dress of the order
habundance
n. abundance, prosperity
haleweith
v. makes holy, sanctifies
halinge
adj. pulling, tugging
halt
v. limp
halowenges
v. 1 vbl. n. pl. consecrate (2.)
v.2 vbl. n. pl. shout, in order to urge on dogs to the chase (2.)
hande
n. in the phrase, in his hande: under his authority, subject to him
handy craftes
n. handicrafts, manual trades
hange on
v. inf. depend upon
happie
adj. fortunate
happly
also happlie
also happelye
adv. perhaps, maybe
by chance, by accident
hard
adj. deep
harde
adj. difficult to accomplish
hardye
adj. bold, courageous, daring
hatedest
v. hated
haue
v. do, perform
take part in
haxeth
v. pr. 3 s. asks
haynouse
adj. heinous, wicked
heade
also hede
n. heed
healthe
n. spiritual well-being
salvation
physical health
heare
adv. here, in this life
hedie
adj. heady, impetuous
hedy
adj. headstrong, impetuous
heed
n. head
heed
v. decapitate, behead
heedinesse
n. headiness, rashness, obstinacy
heere
n. hair
helpe
v. alleviate, remedy
henge
v. pa. hung
hepe
n. heap, multitude
herars
n. hearers
herber
n. harbor, shelter
herby
also herbie
adv. hereby, from this
here
v. hear
here of
adv. from this
here vn to
adv. to this matter
herfore
adv. for this reason, on this account, therefore
herken
also harken
v. hearken, listen
herof
adv. from this
herted
also harted
adj. in the phrase, impure (and vncleane) harted: having a heart defiled by sin
hertelye
adv. heartily, sincerely
hertes
n. hearts, intents, desires
hertlesse
adj. lacking in understanding, foolish
dejected, disheartened
heruest
n. harvest, ripened grain
herynge
n. (sense of) hearing
hethen
n. in the phrase, the hethen: the heathens, the Gentiles
heue
v. inf. strive, press with force
hewen
adj. in the phrase, hewen downe: cut down, felled
heyer
also heyre
n. heir, reightful recipient
heyre
also herre
n. haircloth, hairshirts
hie
also hye
adj. high, exalted, of exalted rank
high, abstruse
hie
n. in the phrase, from an hie: from a high position
him
also hym
n. himself, he himself
hir
also hyr
adj. and n. her
its
his
poss. adj. its
historie
adj. in the phrase, historie faithe: historical faith, i.e. theological faith based on historical evidenced as opposed to the text of the Bible or on a personal or religious conviction
hoale
n. hole
hoale
also whoale
adj. whole, entire
healthy
virtuous, morally and spiritually sound
hold
v. pres, hold harde maintain one's position vigorously
holde
n. refuge
holdeth
v. subsists or is valid in, has significance in
hole
also whoale
adv. wholly, entirely
holsome
also holzom
also wholsome
adj. wholesome, beneficial, salutary
holy goost
n. Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit
honeste
adj. chaste
honestye
n. honorable character
hongre
n. hunger
hongre
v. hunger
hongrie
adj. hungry
howe
adv. in the phrase, how(e) that: how
in the manner, as
howe be it
also howe beit
also howbe it
adv. nevertheless
however
how euer so
also howe so euer
also howsoeuer
adv. in whatsoever manner
however
to whatever extent
howseled
pp. administered the Eucharist
how so ofte
adv. as often as
hunderfolde
also hundred folde
also hundredfole
n. hundred times the amount
hundreth
also hundrethe
adj. hundred
husbande
v. till, cultivate
husband man
n. farmer
hye minded
adj. arrogant
hypocritishe
adj. hypocritical
hyer
n. hire, wages
[i]
Iack off napis
n. jackanapes, name for a tame ape or monkey
iayle
n. jail
Idole
n. idol; applied polemically to any material object of worship in a Christian church
ieoparde
v. jeopard, risk
ieopardie
also iepardye
also ieoperdy
n. risk of loss, peril
ieopardous
adj. jeopardous, dangerous
iesteth
v. pr. 3 s. mocks
iestynge
n. jesting, joking
image
also ymage
n. statue, effigy, sculpted figure
imagen
v. imagine, devise, plot, plan
imagerie
n. use of images in worship
idolatry
imageseruaunt
also image server
also ymageseruer
n. one who worships images, idolater
imageseruice
also ymageseruice
n. worship of images, idolatry
imaginacion
also ymaginacion
n. a mental image (often with the implication that the conception is false)
impaciencie
n. impatience
impassible
adj. incapable of suffering
importune
adj. persistent in solicitation
impotencie
n. utter inability, helplessness
improfitable
adj. unprofitable, useless
improue
v. disprove, refute
to show to be wrong or false
imputeth
v. lays to the charge
holds as due
in
prep. on
in the process of, in the act of
in as moche as
conj. in view of the fact that, since
incensinge
n. instigating, inciting
incircumspecte
adj. incautious, heedless, imprudent
inconuenientes
n. morally unfitting acts, abuses
troubles, misfortunes
inconuenyence
n. inconvenience, offense
indentyd
adj. formed by mutual covenant
indifferent
adj. impartial
nonessential to salvation
indurat
also indurate
adj. hardened, stubborn, obstinate
infect
also infecte
adj. infected
infirmite
also infirmyte
n. infirmity, physical weakness
moral weakness
iniquite
n. iniquity, sin
iniurye
n. injury, insult, disparagement
in lyke wyse
adv. phr. in like manner
inough
adj. modifying n. pl. enough
in so moch
also in so moche
adv. in the phrase, in so moch(e) that: to such an extent that, so that
insperation
n. inspiration, a breathing or infusion into the soul
instantly
also instantlye
adv. urgently, persistently
institute
adj. established, instituted
intemperancie
n. immoderation, excessive indulgence of appetite
interdyte
v. pres. cut off authoritatively from religious functions or privileges
interpreters
n. in the phrase, interpreters to euell that: those who attribute to evil intentions that which
inuade
v. set upon, assault
inuencion
n. contrivance, fabrication
making up
inveyeth
v. pr. 3 s. violently reproaches
in warde
adv. inwardly
spiritually
inwardes
n. entrails
iorney
n. journey
iot
also iote
also iott
n. jot, iota, least point
Irish
n. pl. the wild Irish The tribes who lived "beyond the pale," not subject to English rule
issue
n. exit, release
item
adv. likewise, also
iuelles
n. jewels
iuggelynge
adj. juggling, deceptive
iugle
v. to deceive by jugglery
to trick, beguile
iuglinge
n. trickery, deception
iugulars
n. pl. jugglers, tricksters
iustefie
also iustifie
also iustifye
v. to absolve
to declare righteous
iustifienge
n. the action of making or accounting just
[k]
K
n. knight
kakebreade
n. cake-bread, bread of the dainty quality of cake
kay
n. key
kendle
v. kindle, arouse
kepe
v. be on guard against some action or occurrence, beware
preserve, observe
care for, protect, preserve
kerued
adj. carved, sculptured
ketch
also ketche
also catch
v. catch, grab
ensnare, entrap
killinge
adj. destroying
suppressing
knowen
adj. known
in the phrase, bene knowen of: had sexual intercourse with
knowledge
also knowlege
v. acknowledge
confess
knowlege
n. acknowledgement
knytte
v. joined, added
kycke
v. in the phrase, kycke agaynst: object to
kynd
n. gender
n. pl. kin, kindred
kynde
adj. grateful
[l]
laboure
n. in the phrase, make laboure to: exert influence on
lacked
v. had none
lade
v. inf. load, chiefly in immaterial sense
lak
n. lack, want
lamprese
n. lampreys (fish resembling an eel)
largest
adj. freest, most unrestrained
last
n. in the phrase, at the last: finally
lat
v. let, allow
late
adj. belonging to a recent period
laten
n. Latin
later
adj. later end latter end, concluding part
latere
n. in the phrase, (Lat.) legate a latere: papal legate appointed for a particular mission
law
v. in the phrase, law with: sue, bring lawsuit against
lawe
n. pl. laws
lawest
adj. lowest
lay
also laye
v. attack
allege, claim
laye
n. lay-people, laity
layser
also leysure
n. opportunity
available time
in the phrase, lordes layser: that time that is of God's choosing
lease
n. leash
least
also leaste
conj. lest, for fear that
leaue
v. cease, stop
legendes
n. pl. stories of lives of saints
lend
v. in the phrase, lend mighte lent of his powre: delegate(d) his power
lenght
n. length
leppe
v. Northern variant for leap
lerned
adj. learned, educated
lerninge
also lernynge
n. learning, doctrine
lesse
adj. inferior, smaller
in the phrase, not the lesse...of one iote: not the least bit less
lest
adj. least, smallest
let
also lett
n. hindrance, obstruction
lette
pp. prevent
v. inf. leave undone
leuen
n. leaven, modifying admicture that (in negative sense) corrupts
(in positive sense) brings to perfection
luended
adj. leavened
leueneth
v. leavens, corrupts
leuer
adv. in the phrase, thou haddest leuer: you would rather
leueth
also leveth
v. leaves
lewde
adj. common, of low social status
ill-mannered, ill-bred
wicked, unpricipled, good-for-nothing
li
n. librae, pounds (currency)
liberalitie
also liberalyte
n. liberality, generosity
libertie
also libertye
also libertyie
n. freedom from restraint, license
immunities enjoyed by grant
licence
also lycence
n. permission, leave
documents granting permission
lien
adj. lain
remained
lieng
adj. lying
dishonest
lifte
also lyfte
adj. left
light
n. source of light
instrument of understanding
illumination, true teaching, divine truth
light
v. give light to
light
also lyght
adj. slight, trivial
slight, frivolous
lightlie
also lightlye
also lyghtlye
adv. easily, readily
like
also lyke
adj. likely, probable
similar, identical
like
adv. likely
equally, alike, in the same manner
like
v. subj. and it like if it please
likenes
also likenesse
also lykenesse
n. comparison, analogy
image, form
limeteriers
n. pl.
liste
v. pres. what him liste what is pleasing to him 185/5; wish
v. pr. 3 s. pleases
listeth
v. chooses, desires
litle
also lytle
n. in the phrase, a litle and (a) litle, by litle & litle: gradually, by small degrees
liuely
also liuelie
adj. living
vigorous
of faith: expressing or conveying spiritual or eternal life
liuely
adv. as a living person
vigorously
liuinge
also liuynge
also lyuinge
n. life, manner of living
vbl. n. income
loboures
n. lubbers, louts
lokynge
n. looking in the sense appearance
longe
adj. tall, lengthy
prolix, tedious
longe
adv. for a long time
longe
v. belong, is fitting
looke
v. in the phrase, looke for: anticipate, expect, be on the watch for
loose
v. lose
relinquish
loothe
also loth
adj. loath, reluctant, unwilling
lordis
n. lord's
lose
also loose
v. loose, release
absolve
losw
also lowse
adj. loose, free from physical restraint
loue day
n. loveday, day appointed for amicable settling of a dispute
louely
adj. loving
lowd
adv. aloud, loudly
lowly
adj. humble, meek
lowse
v. loose, set free
lowsye
adj. lousy, contemptible
lubboures
n. pl. clumsy stupid fellows, especially those who live in idleness; frequently applied to monks
lucre
n. profit, gain
lust
n. pleasure
n. pl. desires
lust
v. desire, choose, wish
lustie
also lustye
adj. healthy, strong, vigorous
desirous, keen
lye
v. tell lies about, speak falsehood
lyenge
vbl. n. sojourning
lyeth
v. pr. 3 s. exists, is found
lyght
adv. in the phrase, lyght manered: frivolous, unthinking
lyghten
v. enlighten
lyken
v. compare
lymmes
n. limbs in the sense wicked agents
imps of Satan
lyppe
n. in the phrase, lyppe prayers: prayers merely from the lips, not heartfelt
lyste
v. list, desire, choose
[m]
mad
also madde
adj. mad, foolish
in the phrase, mad vpon: carried away by enthusiasm for
made
adj. in the phrase, made for: furthered, advanced
magnifyenge
n. extolling, lauding
mahometrie
Mahometry, idolatry
maintene
also mayntain
also maynteme
also mayneteyne
v. practice, observe
keep, preserve
uphold, defend
provide with livelihood, bear the expenses of
maior
adj. used absolutely premise of a syllogism which contains the major term
maior
n. major premise
maist
also mayst
v. may
maketh
also makyth
v. causes
malapertenesse
also malapertnes
n. impudence, presumption
malmesaye
n. malmsey, sweet wine
mamalukes
n. slavish champions or supporters
manchetes
n. pl. small loaves of finest wheaten bread
maner
n. manner, behavior, way
kinds, sorts of
manifest
adj. open to view or comprehension
manifest
adv. manifestly, obviously
marchaundice
also marchaundise
also merchaundise
n. the business of a merchant
commerce, trading
mark
also marke
v. observe
marmelad
n. marmalade, fruit preserves
marmesettes
n. marmosets, monkeys
marre
v. in the phrase, marre al: destroy everything, fail completely
maruell
n. in the phrase, Nether anye maruell: nor is it any wonder
mary
n. marrow
mase
n. maze, labyrinth
mastrie
also mastry
n. mastery, victory, dominion
controller, ruler
mater
n. in the phrase, maketh no mater: it is of no importance
matter, affair
matrimonie
n. in the phrase, breakethe hir matrimonie: commits adultery
mattens
n. matins, public service preceding first mass on Sunday
in the phrase, owre lady Mattens: matins (or Little Office) of the Virgin Mary (morning service preceding the first mass of the day)
the text for this service (included in The Book of Hours)
maunchet
n. manchet, a small, flat, circular loaf or roll of the finest wheaten bread
mawes
n. maws, gullets
jaws
mayne
adj. in the phrase, mayne see: high sea
maynie
also mayny
also meanie
n. meinie, many, multitude of persons
mayntenaunce
n. maintenance, upholding
providing with requisites of life
mayre
n. mayor
maystres
also maystresse
n. mistress
meane
v. think, imagine
meanynge
n. interpretation of the meaning
measure
n. instrument for measuring
measured quantity
meate
v. mete, measure
meates
n. pl. foods in general
meke
adj. meek, humble
members
also membres
also menbres
n. pl. parts of the body, limbs
memoriall
n. monument, shrine
act of commemoration
memory
n. in a memory as a memorial, memento
mend
also mende
v. amend, reform
corrected, put right
mendesmakynge
vbl. n. reparation
mennis
also mennys
n. men's
merites
n. righteousness
good works viewed as entitling one to reward from God
meruell
n. marvel in the phrase, it is meruell: it is a wonder
meruelouse
adv. marvelously, extremely
meryly
also merely
adv. merrily, cheerfully
messe
n. mass
mete
adj. meet, suitable, fit
might
n. aboue might beyond their strength
minde
n. judgment, opinion
minishe
v. diminish, make less in amount
minister
also ministre
also mynister
also mynistre
v. supply
direct, manage
administer, dispense
minor
adj. used absolutely premise of a syllogism which contains the minor term
minume
n. minim, minuye particle
mischaunces
n. mishaps, unlucky accidents
mischefe
also mischeue
also myscheffe
also myscheue
n. evil-doing, wickedness
mischevouse
adj. intending harm
miserable
misteries
n. pl. secrets
misticall
adj. allegorical, symbolical
misticall body the Church
mistrust
also mystrust
n. lack of trust, distrust
lack of confidence
doubt, skepticism
mistrust
also mystrust
v. have no trust in, be without confidence
moare
adj. greater
to a greater extent
moare
adv. rather
mocke
v. delude, befool
moderat
v. lessen the rigorousness of
mollifie
also mollyfye
v. to soften in disposition
relent
moneth
n. month
monyshe
v. admonish
moo
adj. more
moorne
v. mourn, feel sorrow or regret
moren
n. murrain, plague
mornynge
n. mourning
in the phrase, in a mornynge: habitually in the morning
mortuarye
n. morturary payment
moseleth
v. muzzles, imposes silence on
most
n. in the phrase, at the most: being the most, being all
mote
n. particle of dust
motions
n. desires, inclinations
moue
v. inf. bring forward, propound (a question)
mourtherar
also murtherar
n. murderer
mowseth
v. pr. 3 s. tears like a cat with a mouse
moyst
n. moistness
multitude
n. numerousness
murthar
also murther
n. murder
muscadell
n. muscatel, sweet wine
myddes
n. midst, middle
myer
n. mire, mud
mygrim
n. headache, migraine
mylkesoppe
n. milksop
a feeble, timid, or ineffectual person
coward
mynd
also mynde
n. thought, inclination
intention, desire
memory, awareness
mynistre
n. minister, officer entrusted with the administration of justice
myscheyouse
adj. producing mischieg or harm
having a harmful influence
mysdoynge
n. wrongdoing
[n]
nacions
also nations
n. nations, peoples united by ethnicity and culture
countries, political states
Nai
adv. Used after affirmative clause
namely
adv. especially, particularly
napken
n. pocket-handkerchief
narew
adj. narrow
narowlye
adv. carefully, closely
nat
adv. not
naturall
adj. without spiritual enlightenment, unregenerate
of a person's child, begotten
in accordance with one's familial obligations
naturally
adv. in accordance with one's innate constitution or character
naught
adj. worthless, useless
naught
also nought
n. nothing
naughty
also naughtye
adj. bad, wrong, flawed
neadfull
adj. in the phrase, neadfull to: necessary for
necessite
n. want, necessity, poverty
pressing need
nede
also neade
n. necessity
at nede a time of difficulty
of nede of necessity
nede
also neade
v. need, require
be under a necessity
nedes
adv. necessarily
ner
conj. nor
nere
adv. nearer, closer
nether
also netheir
adv. neither, nor
neuer the later
adv. nevertheless
newnesse
n. novelty, a new thing
nexte
adj. in the phrase, the nexte waye: the readiest way, the most convenient way
neybour
also neyboure
n. neighbor
no
adj. in the phrase, haue no godes worde that: have not God's promise that, have no scriptural guarantee that
no
adv. Used after negative clause
no
also noo
adv. in the phrase, whether...or no(o): whether...or not
noman
n. no one, nobody
nombre
n. number, count of persons
(high) quantity
nomoare
adv. neither, nor yet
nonce
n. in the phrase, for the nonce: on purpose, expressly
none
n. noon
none
pron. in the phrase, none of theirs: not at all theirs
no nother wise
adv. not other wise
normites
n. enormities, transgressions, crimes
noseld
pp. nuzzled, nurtured (a person) in some opinion
nother
adv. neither
nother
pron. neither
nother ... ner
adv. neither ... nor
not with stondinge
also notwithstonding
also notwithstondynge
adv. nevertheless, all the same
yet, still
nought
adj. worthless, useless
immoral, vicious
injurious
nought
n. nothing
to doo noughte to do wrong
noughty
adj. vile, bad
nouresh
also noryshe
v. bring up, rear, nurture
nourture
v. train, educate
no whence
adv. in the phrase, no whence els: from no other source
nurtoure
n. discipline
nye
adj. near
nye
adv. nigh, near
[o]
obedience
n. in the phrase, at the obedience of: in obedience to
obligacions
n. binding agreements, promises
obsaruaunt
also obseruaunt
n. member of the Order of Franciscan or Minor Friars
occasions
also occasyons
n. pl. opportunities (of sin)
n. 1 affairs, business
occupied
adj. employed, used
occupienge
vbl. n. engaging, busying
occupye
v. employ
v. pa. seized
of
prep. from, out of
offering
adj. in the phrase, offering in to: donating or putting money in
office
also offyce
n. moral obligation, duty towards others
officer
also offycer
n. servant, minister
administrator of law
officialles
n. presiding judges of ecclesiastical courts
olde
adj. olden, bygone
(meaning not in OED) grown-up
long established
olders
n. pl. elders
on
adj. the numeral one
the same