1st Infantry Regiment was organized at Rolla, Missouri, in August, 1861. Some of the men were recruited in Schuyler and New Madrid counties. In November it contained 27 officers and 531 men. The unit participated in the conflicts of Shiloh, Corinth, and Hatchie Bridge, then was assigned to Bowen's Brigade in the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana. It endured the hardships of the Vicksburg siege and was captured in July, 1863. Exchanged and assigned to General Cockrell's Brigade, the 1st was consolidated with the 4th Missouri Regiment. It fought in the Atlanta Campaign, moved with Hood into Tennessee, then aided in the defense of Mobile. It lost 29 killed, 94 wounded, and 52 missing at Champion's Hill, and during the Vicksburg siege it had 18 killed and 70 wounded. In the Atlanta Campaign, May 18 to September 5, the 1st/4th reported 12 killed, 63 wounded and 11 missing, and there were 38 casualties in the fight at Allatoona. It was included in the surrender on May 4, 1865. The field officers were Colonels John S. Brown, Hugh A. Garland, Lucius L. Rich, and Amos C. Riley; Lieutenant Colonel Martin Burke, and Majors Charles C. Campbell, Robert J. Duffy, and Bradford Keith.