Platt C. Curtis Diary
Kelsey
Keister Detail for
J.G. Wilson guard at
N.Y. A Jones Marietta Ga.
W Potter Oct 11th 1864
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[upside down]
Sergt Platt C. Curtiss
#208 Penn St.
Brooklyn
[sideways]
This book was carried from
—"Atlanta to the sea
As we were marching through Georgia"
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The 150th N.Y.Vols. were organized at Camp Duchess Pokeepsie, New York, in the months of September and October 1862, and mustered into the United States service October 11th and started on the same day for Baltimore.
John H. Ketcham, Colonel.
Charles G. Bartlett, Lt. Col.
A. B. Smith, Major
William Thompson Adjutant
On arriving in Baltimore we went into camp at Millington and drilled for a couple of months when we were placed on guard duty in the city and remained there until June 25th 1863. About
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invasion into Penn. when we were ordered to join the Army of the Potomac. Was at the battle of Gettysburg and afterward joined the 12th Corps. Marched to Kelly's and Raccoon Fords where we remained until Sept. 24 and then were ordered to join the Army of the Cumberland. Arrived in Ala. Oct 3rd and were set to guarding the Nashville and Chattanooga rail-road. We liked this country much better than Virginia for several reasons, not the least of which is the healthier climate, and good water.
The 11th and 12th Army Corps were both sent to this Dept after our reverse at Chickamauga Sept 19th & 20 1863.
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Wartrace Tennessee
April 25th 1864
In starting on our campaign this spring, I concluded to keep a brief diary of our movements and also of occurrences that transpired, as far as possible.
During the winter our regiment (150th N.Y.) was stationed on the N&C.R.R. at Normandy, two companies "I" (to which I belong) and "G" were detached and stationed at the Wartrace bridge. Here we passed the winter and when the 25th of April came we received orders to join the regiment, as our corps was under marching orders for the front. At 5 P.M. we bid good bye to our winter quarters and that night we were with the regiment once more.
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April 26th
Early in the morning we began to prepare for a march, and at 8 A.M. the line was formed and everything ready.
Our campaign has commenced two months earlier than last year. We do not leave our winter quarters without some feelings of regret. We have formed acquaintances, and an attachment to the place. But "where duty calls us we must go".
Arrived in Tullahoma at noon, tired, dry and dusty. Two years of military occupation have ruined this place. The regiments of our brigade are gathering here. We are camped on the west side of the creek and the brigade band is serenading us to night.
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April 27th
To-day has been spent in making the final preparations for our summer campaign.
All the men unable to endure the severe marching before us are being sent back to Murfreesboro. We have boxed up our overcoats and sent them to Nashville for storage during the summer. We are going to join the Army of the Cumberland, I suppose.
Signs of rain to-night.
We march at 8 o'clock in the morning. There are a good many troops camped about Tullahoma but they wear a different colored uniform from those that were here a year ago, or less, when Braggs army was in this section of Tennessee.
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April 28th
Left Tullahoma at 8.30 this morning on the Decherd road. The brigade is all together now, and the regiments are larger than they were last fall. We are bound for the front.
Six miles from Tullahoma we halted for dinner by the side of a good stream of water. Gen. Ruger, our brigadier is not with us and Col. Colgrove has command of the brigade.
The afternoon was hot and we marched rapidly. Arrived at Decherd at sundown somewhat fatigued. 300 guerillas are in the mountains near here. To-morrow we cross the Cumberland Mts. Several men fell out of the ranks this afternoon, overcome by the heat.
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April 29
Started from Decherd at 8 and took the road leading east.
At 11, we reached the base of the Cumberland range, and then began the toilsome ascent. After climbing a few miles we arrived on the level plateau. We halted for dinner at the first little stream.
Off to the north and west the view is magnificent. The fertile plains and valleys of Tennessee are spread out before us for a hundred miles.
This is a different route from the one we crossed by last fall—farther to the north and east. Camped on the summit of the mountain on the ground occupied by Rosencrans army last summer. Stood the march today first-rate. I am getting hardened to it.
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April 30th
At 11 last night a heavy thunder shower came up. In a short time the ground was covered with water and our shelter tents were poor protection. The water came in under our tent, and I waked woke up with one ear full, and wet thro' on the under side (pleasant). As soon as the storm passed over went by a fire and dried. (3 A.M. rather early rising) Marched at dawn, and by noon had reached the base of the mountain, in a severe shower. We passed down a valley running east and west, about 7 miles & camped. We were mustered in for Pay when we stopped. We are mustered every two months.
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May First
Sunday morning again.
It is seldom that any halt is made on account of this day when troops are on the march. In camp religious services are are generally held if the regiment has a Chaplain.
At 9 came in sight of the Tennessee River and took the road down the Sequatchie Valley. Arrived at Bridgeport at noon. After dinner crossed the bridge and waited 'till 4 for orders and rations. Bridgeport is strongly fortified and the scenery about here would be enjoyable if we were in circumstances to enjoy it. Camped at Shellmound 6 miles from Bridgeport.
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May 2nd
This morning at sunrise visited the Saltpeter Cave at the base of the mountain near camp. The rebels had saltpeter works inside the cave which are quite extensive. East Tennessee abounds in caves and mountains. Marched for Whitesides at 9 by the route the supply trains formerly took before the railroad was rebuilt. The road is very bad now and during last fall and winter it must have been awful. The wayside is lined with the carcasses of dead mules and horses, with here and there a broken wagon. The scenery is majestic. We often hear the remark "I don't see how Old Rosy ever drove the rebels out of this place". It is by nature a strongly fortified place. The bridge at Whitesides is 160 feet high. Camped at Whitesides.
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May 3rd
Marched for Lookout Valley at 8. Whitesides consists of a depot, telegraph office, a few government store-houses, & some hundred or so of log huts occupied last winter by the guards. There are about 10 acres of level land shut in on all sides by high mountains. Halted for dinner under the shadow of Lookout Mountain. As we look up at the steep rocky slope we wonder how Gen Hooker succeeded in driving the enemy from their "impregnable position". Steep, precipitous towering high toward the blue sky, no wonder they considered it "impregnable". They could throw shells into Chattanooga from the Lookout. Camped in front of Missionary Ridge on part of the battle ground.
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May 4th
At 8 started for Ringgold. Our regiment has the advance to-day.
The whole corps, comprising 70 regiments and 60 pieces of field artillery is marching in column.
At 11 rested on the Chickamauga battle ground. The trees bear witness to the fierce contest that took place here last Sept. The country is level and mostly covered with a stunted growth of oaks. Many of them are cut off by shot & shell. All through the forest are graves. Some of them have boards over them, with name regt &c but most of them are unmarked. Camped at 4 P.M. on the Chickamauga near Gordon's Mills. We are getting near the front now, and another day's march will bring us to the enemys lines.
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May 5th
Broke camp at the early hour of 6 and took the road to Ringgold. We passed through immense forests of oak and pine and during the march saw only two or three signs of civilization consisting of tenantless log houses, with a few acres of girdled timber around them. This section is not well watered but the land if properly cultivated would be good.
The country is level and roads good. Made our camp at 3 P.M. in Nickajack Valley near a stream of good water. We pitched our tents and gathered pine boughs enough for a luxurious bed compared with the ones we have used for the last 10 nights. We may look for the campaign to open now in a very few days. The enemy are at Tunnel Hill, Buzzard's Roost & Dalton.
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May 6th
We did not march as usual this morning, but lay in camp all day and had a good rest, which was very much needed. The preparations for an advance are being made and the corps are taking their positions.
Our ammunition has been inspected, and each man's cartridge-box furnished with 60 rounds of "Minie".
Hooker, Thomas, & Sickles were in camp this afternoon. The weather is warm, the trees are in full leaf & everything looks like mid-summer.
It is 4 miles to Ringgold, and some of our boys have been down there. It is the terminus of the rail road (at present). Sent a letter home to-day.
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May 7th
Had reveille at 3 and turned out at once. had our coffee finished before the first sign of daylight. At 4½ we marched for Dalton and crossed Taylor's Ridge about "9". Before we crossed we carefully loaded our pieces. There had been a cavalry skirmish just on the other side of the ridge two hours before, and we knew it was not far to the rebel army, so we proceeded with caution. From appearances the enemy are going to make a stand in the vicinity of Dalton and there will be a battle fought within a week.
The enemy are strongly posted at Tunnel Hill, Buzzard's Roost and Dalton and have great advantages of position over us, while we are stronger in point of numbers.
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May 8th
Sunday morning and the preparations for a battle are being made. It is reported that our forces took Fort Tunnel Hill last night. Our Division lies a few miles east of Nickajack Gap and within sight of Buzzard's Roost.
Our Chaplain preached to us this morning. We are now waiting for orders ready to move at a moment's warning. We have had no mail for some days, and there is no chance to send any.
We can hear artillery and musketry at a distance. It is a hot day, but we are lying in the edge of the woods. Trains are running to Tunnel Hill now. Good news from the Army of the Potomac.
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May 9th
Fell in at daybreak and stacked arms. Reinforcements are coming up continually on this road. The left wing is advancing this morning, shelling the woods as they proceed. All sorts of rumors are in circulation and it is hard to get at the facts of the case. Have not changed our position in all day. The prelude to a big battle is being played and it is the general opinion that it will commence within a day or two.
Here and there along the lines shells have been exchanged at intervals. One rebel battery on Buzzard's Roost is in plain sight of us, but it is out of range. Geary's Division was engaged yesterday afternoon and lost 300 killed and wounded. They passed here for the rear in ambulances.
Weather warm and clear.
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May 10th
Started at 1 A.M., to join McPherson in his grand flanking movement via Snake Creek Gap. We marched along a road not much used, and in the darkness of the night our movement was not discovered by the enemy.
Marched until 9, by which time we had got up a splendid appetite for breakfast. We remained here at the head of Sugar Valley 4 hours and then marched 7 miles farther and camped for the night. A terrible storm came on at 8 o'clock and blew down our tents and flooded the ground. Some of our ammunition got spoilt. "No rest 'till morn". We are now 12 miles south of Dalton, and in the rear of the enemy's position, which we mean to flank them out of.
Very bad weather
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May 11th
Did not move until 4 P.M. and then only to the top of a hill not far from where we lay (and soaked) last night. Raining yet and the deep mud interferes with the movements of the army. Gen. Hooker passed our camp this afternoon, and was greeted by deafening cheers. We built good fires and got our clothes dry. Have not heard any news, not even a rumor.
A large lot of prisoners just went past, captured yesterday.
Our cavalry is actively engaged scouting and skirmishing. Kilpatrick is "wide awake". It is cool weather for the season and climate.
Several cavalrymen have been brought in wounded, and the log houses are used as hospitals.
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May 12th
Remained quiet all day. In the afternoon heard heavy artillery firing to the north and west about 8 miles away. It is supposed to be Kilpatrick forces. This is a bad country to handle an army in when on the offensive and all our movements must be made cautiously. besides we have a long line of communications in our rear to look to. There is glorious news from The Army of the Potomac to-night. Grant has beaten Lee at the Wilderness and forced him back toward Richmond. This news came in an official despatch to Gen Sherman and we may rely on it as true.
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May 13th
Left camp at 5 A.M. and our corps moved out into the valley to the eastward. There we lay for several hours listening to artillery and musketry in the distance waiting for our turn to "go in". About 11 Gen. Kilpatrick passed to the rear wounded in the leg, though not very seriously. There is one line of battle ahead of us and their skirmishers have been quite active all the morning. We have a battery in a position commanding the railroad bridge at Resaca so that no trains can pass up toward the enemy. At sundown we advanced two miles and camped. Had a good nights sleep in spite of the picket firing which was rattling all night.
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May 14th
At early dawn heavy skirmishing was again resumed and a little after sunrise our corps moved off to the left through thick woods, and over gently rolling ridges of hills. Shortly after our artillery opened heavily along the line. So far our Corps with the exception of the 2nd Division have been the Reserve—moving from point to point as we were needed. About 5 P.M. heavy fighting commenced on the center and left and our corps was hurried to the left to support that wing as the enemy had massed forces there to turn our flank. We got there in time to participate in the affair and repulsed the attempt.
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May 15th Resaca
Sunday again after a week of battle, and this morning instead of hearing the "church going bell" we are listening to the sullen roar of artillery interspersed with the sharp crack of rifles. A council of war was held this morning near us, and Gen's. Hooker, Sickle, Sherman, Butterfield, Thomas, and other Generals were present. Shortly after the council broke up our troops were on the move and about 2 P.M. we got into position. The battle had commenced before this time and shells and bullets were travelling about promiscuously. Our Brigade was on the extreme left and as soon as we gained a good position we hastily threw up breastworks of stones, rail and logs. Soon our skirmishers came rushing back in, and on came the enemy in 3 lines to charge on us.
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May 16th
We repulsed them in their charge on us yesterday with heavy loss to them and slight loss to ourselves. We were successful at every point and last night the enemy made a retreat, masking it with a heavy fusillade. This morning we found nothing but empty breastworks in front of us.
At sunrise we followed up the retreat, and at 10 crossed the Conasauga River. The road is full of the signs of a hasty, disorderly retreat. They left many of their dead unburied and their wounded uncared for by the roadside. Camped for the night on the bank of the Coosawattee and the pioneers commenced to build a bridge to cross our artillery. Lost in our regt. yesterday 13 wounded.
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May 17th
Crossed the river at 9. It is about the size of the Rapidan. On the south bank we were obliged to wait several hours for our trains to get across on a single narrow bridge.
The country looks better on the south side of the river and the land is good along the valley. We passed several respectable looking houses on our march. The Union Army never passed through this section before. We see no young white men about these houses, a significant fact. Occasionally a contraband is seen, with a look of amazement on his ebony features to see the Yankee Army going "Down to Dixie". The Rebel Army is not far ahead of us and we calculate to do more fighting before we get to Atlanta.
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May 18
Was on picket last night in the woods west of camp. Geary's Division camped near us. Our Army is marching in four columns. One expedition has gone by way of Rome, a considerable town some miles to the west of Kingston. Marched rapidly all day with only an hour for dinner. Did not camp 'till 11 P.M. had a good many stragglers on this march. There was a smart cavalry fight ahead, and that was the cause of our forced march. We passed several lines of breastworks built and deserted by the enemy. The same day met a lot of prisoners taken in the skirmish.
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May 19th
Did not move until noon. Formed in line of battle after marching 6 miles, and then moved through the dense woods and underbrush toward the enemy's flank.
There was considerable shelling, skirmishing, and cavalry fighting toward the close of the day.
The Rebels had strong works at Cassville, and it was our object to flank them out of them, and accordingly we got into position as soon as it grew dark, and got up our batteries, built breastworks &c expecting to have another set-to in the morning. Under cover of the night however, our enemy fell back again to the south bank of the Etowah River, most of the people of Cassville leaving with them.
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May 20th
Cassville stands in the center of a fertile section of country and from appearances it must have had a population of 2000. It was the county seat of Cass County and contained many elegant private residences some fine schools and one college. I am sorry to say that some of our boys "went through" some of the houses, but this was soon stopped by order of Gen. Hooker. Here we rested all day in the shade, and by the way we needed rest for we have had it pretty active for the last two weeks.
The army must wait 'till the burnt bridges are rebuilt so that our supplies can come up.
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May 21st
Another day of much needed rest to us. We have done nothing but lounge about under the splendid shade trees, write a letter or two, and wash a shirt. No one knows how to enjoy a day or two of rest until he has been on the march for 3 or 4 weeks and in front of the enemy a good share of the time, with night after night of broken rest, with days of excitement amid the roar of artillery and musketry with the scenes of war on all sides. This campaigning is wearing business on the constitution. I did not know how tired I was until after we had stopped here and began to rest. To-morrow morning "bright and early" we are on the trail again.
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May 22nd
Such a contrast as there is between this day and just a week ago is seldom witnessed. To-day all is quiet and peaceful, and nothing is heard but the buzzing of summer insects.
The order for marching this morning was countermanded, so we still remain here. Those of the 2nd Mass. Vols of our brigade that did not re-enlist were mustered out this evening, their terms of enlistment having expired. There were 80 of them. They were to take the cars for home in the morning. They have faithfully fulfilled their contract with the government and vice versa. The weather is hot and we dread to think what it will be in July and August.
When the mail came in at 9 PM it brought a fine hat for me "all the way from home".
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May 23rd
The reveille sounded at 3 A.M. saying "get up, get up, and prepare for a march". Made our breakfast, and at 4 started off on the road leading southwest from Cassville. Arrived at the Etowah by noon. Here waited two hours for the pontoons to be laid. Boats made by stretching strong canvas over wooden frames are used in this army for pontoons. They are much more easily transported than those used in Va. After crossing, marched two miles and camped for the night. Winans, King and myself captured a fine hog shortly afterward, and regaled ourselves on fresh pork steak, without stout. Hogs are plenty, and they "run loose". They are not so plenty as they were.
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May 24th
Reveille at 3 A.M. again, but we did not move until nearly 8. We marched through some forests and thickets hardly knowing which way our course lay, but I suppose our Generals knew, or at least they ought to. Toward noon we heard distant cannonading. Halted for dinner by the side of a clear mountain stream and afterwards pursued our way among the hills. At 4 P.M. arrived in camp on the ground occupied by the rebs. at noon, and from which our advance had driven them. The roads are very dusty and weather warm. We are now 40 miles from Atlanta in a direct course but it may take a long time to get over those 40 miles.
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May 25th Dallas
Started from camp at 7. We were near Huntsville P.O. Paulding Co. Marched steadily until noon and halted for the pioneers to put a bridge across a stream which runs into Pumpkin Vine Creek. At 1 P.M. crossed and marched south west. When we had marched 3 miles an order came for us to march back and join Geary who had found the enemy in force along the south bank of Pumpkin Vine Creek. Went into action at 5 P.M. and drove the enemy back two miles, where they got into their works. That night we built works parallel with theirs and not more than 200 yards distant. Our regiment lost 50 killed and wounded. We were relieved during the night and went back to the reserve.
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May 26th
A severe storm came on last night and wet us completely through. Our boys used up all their cartridges yesterday and this morning we are getting a fresh supply. The 4th Corps relieved us last night and we are now ly in a short distance to their rear in reserve. McPherson is on the right, Schofield and Palmer are on the left. Heavy skirmishing is going on all the time. The enemy seem to have a strong position here. Our batteries are getting into position and there is some artillery practice going on. Details from our corps are burying the dead. Sergt H. W. Story was buried at sundown near the New Hope road. A piece of board with name Co. and Regt is placed at the head of each grave.
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May 27th
Up at 3 and got our breakfast. At 6 our batteries opened heavily and the fire was kept up with vigor almost all day. About 5 P.M. there was considerable musketry along the center and left.
We lay on our arms ready to support any part of our line. A good many stray bullets are passing over and several men in our brigade have been wounded while lying here. The enemy used very little artillery to day as is their custom. They don't like to let us know where their batteries are placed, thinking to draw us into a trap and mow our men down with grape and canister. But Gen Sherman has shrewdness enough to know that flank movements pay better than charging on strong earthworks and masked batteries. The reserve was not called on.
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May 28th
Still on the reserve. There has been a good deal of heavy skirmishing to the right of us all day. About noon the enemy made a dash on one of our batteries and were repulsed severely. It is said that movements are in progress of completion which will force the enemy to "get out of here" or fight us at a disadvantage. We have got the largest army, and can hold this front and keep them busy while forces are sent around to turn their flank. There is where we have the advantage of them. They have the advantage of us in that they fight on the defensive, have a short line to their base and know every inch of the country and pick out the best defensible positions.
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May 29th
Skirmishing as usual again this morning—in fact it does not cease night or day, but the incessant din has become familiar to our ears and when not on duty we sleep as soundly as though there was no noise about. We had preaching by our Chaplain this morning.
In the afternoon Charley Smith and myself got permission to go back to the Div. Hosp to see Ser' King. After some time we found him and he is getting along finely.
The wounded are being sent back to Kingston as fast as possible. Those able to travel will be sent to their own State Hospitals. We had an opportunity to send out a mail at noon. Weather fine. Health of the regiment good.
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May 30th
About midnight last night the enemy made an attack on our lines at several points, thinking perhaps to surprise us. But they found the Yanks wide awake, up and dressed, and were received by tremendous volleys of musketry and double charges of grape from rapidly worked batteries.
The roar was terrific in the dead hour of night, and lasting about 20 minutes ended in the complete repulse of the assailants. Our reserve was in line at the sound of the first gun, but it was not necessary to order us to support the lines anywhere. Went to sleep again and got a good nap.
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May 31st
We are 20 miles from Kingston our base of supplies. From there everything must be transported by the wagons and it takes a vast amount of stores to subsist this army. We are not getting full rations now and will not until the rail-road is put in running order up to us. Sergt Blauvelt died yesterday of wounds rec'd on the 25th. Have heard some news to day which is important if true, but shall not put it down here. Heavy skirmishing still going on. We are receiving reinforcements. The guards on the railroads are being relieved by the 100 day men. We need them too, for the enemy has invariably the choice of position, and we need men to operate on their flanks.
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June First
At 9 A.M. we started for the left of the line as the enemy were making demonstrations in that direction. Arrived there about the middle of the afternoon and our Div took position on a hill, where we remained during the night. Nothing but the crack of the sharpshooter's rifle is heard in front excepting the sound of of the pioneers axes as they cut roads and bridge the little streams for our batteries to cross.
Capt G Coggswell & Lieut Humeston returned from home to-day where they have been recruiting. The weather is getting dry and hot and we need rain on account of the animals.
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June 2nd
Early in the morning moved ¾ mile farther to the left and took our position on a hill supporting some of our batteries. We have good earthworks running over the ridge and to the right and left, as far as our line extends. Knapp's battery is just in front of our regiment a few yards and is busy throwing shells, but have as yet got no answer. The 23rd corps is on the extreme left and drove the enemy two miles captured 400 prisoners & 4 guns to-day. A thunder shower came on this afternoon lasting about 3 hours. During the storm the firing slackened, but was resumed again as soon as the rain ceased.
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June 3rd
Lay down in the breastworks after dark last night and had a good night's sleep—the first in several nights. Slept on a bed of green oak leaves with a gum blanket over them. Have not changed our position. The country about here is thickly wooded and presents the usual features of Georgia scenery—rolling, with here and there a small field of girdled trees. The log-houses are about all deserted, and it is seldom that we see a citizen. There is not much land under cultivation in this section. What corn and grain there is looks well but it is all used for forage as the army passes.
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June 4th
At 5 P.M. advanced one mile toward "Lost Mountain" which is not far in front. The enemy have a signal station on the top of it and it is an important position.
There was sharp fighting on the right about 3 P.M. but it was so far off we could not distinguish our guns from the enemy's. At 7 this evening it is raining and we have just sent out new pickets to relieve those that have been on duty for 24 hours.
There is plenty of firing on the picket line and very few casualties for every man hit there are hundreds of shots fired and those that are hit are mostly slightly.
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June 5th
For the first since the 25th of of May morning there has been a cessation of the pop. pop. bang which we have heard minute-ly during that time. The report is current that the enemy has "fell back".
Our skirmish lines were advanced this morning and found no opposition. At noon we broke camp and marched east toward the rail road. I do not whether they have retreated far or not, but I reckon we shall find them before we go many miles. The roads are in bad condition from the recent rains, but the mud here dries up quickly, and the sun has come out hot again. After marching a few miles, camped in the woods.
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June 6th
Marched at 6 toward the rail road and at 9 formed in line of battle along the crest of a wooded ridge. Our company was sent out as skirmishers. We advanced 400 yards and came to the bank of a stream. Here we got orders to halt for orders and keep a good look out ahead. There is some skirmishing off to the left. The woods are so dense, it takes some time to find where the enemy is when he falls back to a new position and it won't do to rush up 'till that is ascertained. Toward night we advanced a mile or two and found the rebel pickets, with whom we exchanged a few shots. At dark were relieved. Nobody hurt in Co. I.
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June 7th
Recd a mail. Our Div. supply and baggage train has come up. There does not seem to be any active operations going on at present. Picket firing in front of our corps has ceased by mutual consent, and our pickets have been talking with the Johnnies. Three or four of our men will leave their guns on our line as agreed upon and meet the rebel pickets half way when they shake hands, talk and exchange tobacco for coffee &c. They told our men that it was reported through their camps, that our supplies were cut off and we would soon have to fall back. Our boys disabused their minds of that idea. Our communications are all right.
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June 8th
Remained in our works all day. Nothing is going on in front at present but the story is that flanking operations are progressing. Gen. Sherman is some on a flank movement and would rather accomplish results this way than by direct attack. The Col. of the 61st Ohio was out beyond our picket line and met a reb lieutenant half way, exchanged papers and conversation. On separating they shook hands, each going to his command, perhaps to meet again as deadly foes the next day. No picket firing to-day but a vigilant watch is kept up. Weather good. Rec'd newspapers from home. It is a hard matter to get hold of a newspaper here.
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June 9th
Cool and pleasant with a light shower in the afternoon. About noon our cavalry went out beyond the picket line to reconnoitre and then the firing commenced again. Our cavalry are armed with a sabre, revolver (6 shooter) and Spencer rifle, which can be fired 8 times without reloading, and is effective at 600 yds.
The reconnoisance was made to ascertain the enemy's force in front. Some artillery firing was heard about sundown.
Last night we had orders to move at 6 in the morning, but the order was countermanded.
We are in the wilderness yet and it is a hard matter to "get out of the wilderness".
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June 10th
Did not move although we were under orders to be ready to move at a moments warning. Had frequent heavy showers which would last perhaps half an hour, and then the sun would come out bright and warm, to be soon dimmed again by clouds and rain. It is becoming unpleasant and unhealthy, on account of so much wet weather in these thick woods. If this wet weather continues much longer, it will have a bad effect on the health of our army. It is said that the country is more open south of here a few miles. We are now within 12 miles of the Chattahoochie River, and are gradually forcing our way mile by mile. "Slow and Sure" is Gen. Sherman's motto.
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June 11th
At 2 P.M. the long-looked-for order to move came and in five minutes we were marching by the left flank in the direction of Pine Knob—a round shaped hill held by the rebs and a strong position. About 4 we halted. It was raining as usual and we commenced to build breastworks. Our forces are on 3 sides of the Knob and our left flank is a mile from there. While we were at work several shells came whizzing along in an enfilading course, so that we had to build traverses. One shell exploded by the right of of our regiment, killing Corp. Stone (A) and wounding H. Winans.
Winans is not dangerously wounded. It is raining all the time now and we are wet through and covered with mud. No fires allowed as they would draw the enemys fire.
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June 12th
Another rainy muddy day. We worked on our fortifications until 8 last night and then had to build traverses for our protection in case the enemy should shell us from their batteries on Pine Knob. By the time this was done it was midnight, and we lay down on the wet ground to get a little sleep. During the night our batteries got into position. We are bound to have that hill ourselves before many days, and when we get that we will take their next position which is Kinnesaw Mountain. Kinnesaw consists of two eminences rising abruptly from the face of the country one 800 the other 700 feet high. It is about 5 miles across them the longest way and they are partially separated by a notch.
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June 13th
Raining as usual, and we begin to think we shall have a flood on a small scale. The mud is about 6 inches deep. Our blankets are wet and clothes too.
Charley and I went out & peeled the bark off a chestnut tree and we have got the strips laid as a floor in our tent to keep us out of the mud.
Corp Stone was buried yesterday morning, on the spot where he fell. About 5 P.M. the rain slackened but did not entirely stop, so we shall have the pleasure of sleeping another night under a wet blanket on the moist soil of Georgia. Better "on" than under it as many of our late comrades are to night.
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June 14th
Early this morning a vigorous bombardment of Pine Knob commenced, and one of the first shots (first shells) thrown killed the rebel Gen. Polk, who with his staff was on the top of the hill reconnoitering our position. The enemy soon found the position untenable, and left. A division of the 4th corps advanced and took possession, and the sun coming out presently shone on the stars and stripes on Pine Knob! Ed. Florence returned from hospital to day. A lot of new recruits for our regiment arrived about the same time. Among them was "Little Billy Secor". Our company got no recruits.
Made out to get our clothes and blankets dry, and feel quite comfortable by comparison.
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June 15th
The enemy has "dug out" again as we term it, which means that they have fallen back to their next line of works, perhaps two miles, perhaps three. At two P.M. we followed them up and advanced 3 miles. All the way from Resaca to Kenesaw Mountain the country is furrowed & ridged with breastworks of a formidable character. At 4 we found the enemy and drove them into their works and as soon as it was dark began to fortify within a few hundred yards of their line.
It was past midnight when we got done, and then we dropped down on the ground, tired enough to sleep anywhere. We are within short musket range of the enemy and the bullets strike around us "promiscuously".
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June 16th
At 8 A.M. our regiment moved out of the works and made room for a portion of another brigade, which was entitled to the position. We moved back about 200 yards to the reserve. The little knoll which we lay behind was not sufficient to prevent a stray bullet from striking unpleasantly near, and any quantity of them whizzed a few feet over our heads, stripping the leaves and small branches. About noon Wm. R. Phelps of our Co. was hit in the neck by a minie ball which severed the carotid artery. He bled to death in 5 minutes. I was standing a few feet from him when he was struck. At 4 P.M. the enemy opened on us with shell, but our batteries soon silenced theirs.
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June 17th
Last night the enemy fell back again leaving a strong line of skirmishers who kept peppering away until daylight, to mask the retreat of the main force.
At daylight our army was in motion and at 8 it came our turn to move. We advanced nearly three miles, when our skirmishers found the enemy in their new position. The same old story over again—advance up to the enemy's works, fortify, open with artillery, commence flank operations, and in a day or two we'll have their works. Gen. Johnston is a curious tactician, and his forte is in conducting a retreat. he is playing a losing game however.
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June 18th
Our artillery has got into position, and notwithstanding the incessant rain, a heavy cannonade has been kept up all day. Skirmishing too is livelier than usual. The enemy has not replied to our artillery, only occasionally. It is reported that the 4th corps, which is on our left, has had some hard fighting to day and took some prisoners.
We remained inside our works during the day waiting for something to turn up. The rain continued fall, as we never saw it come down before, and the air was very cold for the season.
We could warm by our fires but getting our clothing dry was an impossibility.
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June 19th
Another retrograde movement by the rebs. some time last night, and early in the morning we followed up close to his heels. The roads are in a heavy condition from the recent rains. When we had advanced 4 miles we arrived at their new position. (I hope this is their "last ditch")
Our skirmishers and theirs were busily engaged, and as soon as it grew dark, built breastworks very close to the enemy's. The balls came whistling around and over us while at work, but luckily no one in our regiment was struck. Several men were wounded in the next regiment on our right.
Another very rainy day, it was nearly midnight when we got our rifle pits completed.
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June 20th
Were relieved by the 4th Corps, and moved by the right flank a few miles until our right connected with the left of the 23rd Corps. A company from each brigade was detailed as pioneers. Our company was detailed, and in company with the others we went on and bridged a small stream. Towards night we came to a considerable stream, but darkness came on before we had time to throw a bridge across, and we were obliged to wait until morning.
Saw a large fire several miles off in the direction of the Chattahoochie but could not make out what it was. Weather showery and roads very bad, making it difficult to move artillery.
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June 21st
By 4 o'clock in the morning the woods were ringing with the echoes of our axes, and in three hours we had a good substantial bridge over the stream, strong enough to bear artillery. Half our company was detailed as pickets. Saw a few "Johnnies" and fired some at them which was returned. It was at long range. We were presently relieved by the pickets of the 23rd Corps and returned to camp and commenced building breastworks. By the middle of the afternoon had a strong line made with brush piled in front and the undergrowth lopped so as to give us a fair view for 400 yards ahead.
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June 22 Culp's Farm
No attack was made yesterday or last night, upon us, and at 9 we got orders to move to the right to correspond with a similar movement of the other corps.* Moved about two miles, and formed in line of battle for an advance. Our skirmishers slowly drove back the enemys pickets for two or three miles and we followed until we came to the edge of an open field. Here we got orders to "throw up breastworks as quickly as possible". A few minutes after they were completed. The enemy made a charge on us in strong force—coming in three lines of battle out of the opposite woods. We repulsed them with heavy loss, and slight loss to ourselves.
[margin] *Our army is swinging around toward their left.
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June 23rd
We repulsed the enemy yesterday in three desperate charges, and they fell back leaving their dead and wounded on the field. After firing 20 rounds I was sruck on the head by a minie ball, which glanced off after grazing the skull-bone. I was stunned by the blow and the blood ran down into my eyes so that I could not see. I had just discharged my gun when I was hit.
The rebs. were within 60 yds of our works then, but that was the nearest they got to us. Corp. Holden, Patrick Twohey, and myself, were wounded belonging to Co "I". Last night we went to the Division Hospital and to-day went in ambulances for Ackworth Station.
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June 24th
At 9 A.M. reached Acworth which is as far as trains run south at present. Here the wounded were fed and taken care of by the agents of the U.S. Sanitary Commission. We got beef-tea, crackers, coffee and milk, pickles "&c". The San. Com. is a great institution, a "big thing" for the soldiers. Acworth has been a pretty little town in bygone days, of perhaps 1000 inhabitants, but they are mostly gone from here now. At three P.M. the wounded were transferred to the train, but no engine came to draw it, and we remained at Acworth all night sleeping on our beds of oak leaves. There are about two hundred wounded aboard the train. We shall start to-morrow morning for Chattanooga.
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June 25th
At an early hour in the morning an engine was sent to draw our train, and soon we were off for Chattanooga, 100 miles distant. The road is very rough, and we are in box cars without a spring under them.
The Sanitary Commission provided us with our breakfast. This institution is doing a vast amount of good. Their agents are to be seen in the camp and hospital, and on the battle field, ministering to the wants of the suffering soldiers. They give material comfort and the U.S. Christian Commission gives spiritual comfort.
Give them aid, loyal citizens of the North, that they may continue their good works. Each one can give something.
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June 26th
Arrived in Chattanooga at 1 A.M. this morning with a terrible head-ache, tired and worn out with the heat and fatigue. The hospitals were full, and we lay down and slept a few hours in the yard. Got something to eat and drink in the morning and our wounds dressed. Left for Nashville on the 3 P.M. train. The hospitals are full at Chattanooga and those able to travel are sent on farther north. It is a beautiful afternoon and the scenery of the country thro' which we are passing is splendid. But we are not in a condition to appreciate and enjoy it. Wounded fatigued and half sick, we take little interest in what we see and are anxious to get somewhere to obtain rest.
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June 27th
About noon we came into Nashville, and the Sanitary Agents met us at the depot, with buckets filled with milk punch, and baskets of cakes and bread—as much as we wished to drink and eat. Soon the ambulances came and took us to the hospitals. I went to Number 19. Nashville is a healthy city, situated in a fertile undulating country. The Cumberland River runs past here and is navigable for steamers of light draught. Passed the battle ground of Stone River this forenoon. It still bears traces of the battle fought there, and a splendid monument is erected near the road "To the heroes of the Army of the Cumberland".
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June 28th
"Farther North" is the order, and we took the 4.30 P.M. train for Louisville, with the prospect of another long tedious ride ahead. We have passenger cars now and ride much more comfortably. The country looks fourishing and there are fields of golden wheat, luxuriant corn and clover. Cotton is planted to a considerable extent on account of the high prices it commands. Herds graze on the hills and in the valleys. Peace reigns here. The tide of war has swept father south, with its blighting train of evils. Harvesting has already commenced. The crops look well, both grass and grain. Labor is scarce and wages of course high.
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June 29th
The spires of Louisville came in sight at early dawn, and by sunrise we were in the depot, where we found a train of ambulances ready to take us to the Hospital. Some of us crossed over to the US Gen Hospital at Jeffersonville Indiana. This is a large commodious establishment capable of accommodating 3,000 patients. It is located one mile above the town near the bank of the Ohio. The buildings occupy 10 acres, and the grounds 30 acres. Everything is clean and tidy about the hospital and patients are well taken care of.
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June 30th
Had a good night's rest last night and feel better this morning, although my head aches and feels giddy by spells. Met 3 or 4 of my acquaintances to day—Ward Co. C, Watts Co. E, Haight & Jones Co. D.
This is a splendid location for a hospital. The cool breezes blow softly from the Ohio, and fan the fevered brow of many a poor fellow who lies tossing on his pillow. It is much better than to be pent up inside the walls of a city hospital like those of Louisville & Nashville.
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July 1st
One year ago to-day since I heard the thunder of cannon at Gettysburg. To-day all is quiet here but I know that down among the hills of Georgia, and on the plains of Virginia, the air is echoing to the roar of artillery and musketry. The war goes on!
This is the 4th summer that we have been engaged in the struggle for national integrity.
The fourth year of the most desperate conflict the world ever saw. O Lord, how long must it be. The best blood of a nation is being poured out as freely as water.
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July 2nd
Feel much better this evening. My head does not ache nearly so much as usual, and the wound has commenced to heal. We have good care and attention here and everything is conducted systematically. I walked down to the river bank this afternoon. Right over across the waters of the Ohio is the Old Kentucky Shore, clothed in the gorgeous hues of summer, with here and there the suburban residence of some wealthy citizen of Louisville half hidden by the profuse foliage. Occasionally a stern wheel steamboat goes puffing lazily up or down, loosing a long black trail of smoke against the clear blue sky.
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July 3rd
A clear warm summer's day, and as I lie under the shade of a magnificent beech-tree, on the river bank gazing at the white fleecy clouds that go sailing along, like ships upon the sea, I am thinking of what occurred a year ago to-day. It was the "third and last" day of the Gettysburg battle. About this time 2 P.M. there was the fiercest cannonading that has been during the war. It continued two hours and forty minutes. Preparations are making to celebrate the 4th of July and from appearances it will be a fine day.
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July 4th
This day is being extensively "held" about here.
There are hundreds of teams going out into the country, with loads of the young people, to pic-nics and festivals. The American Flag is flowing profusely in the streets, and on the house-tops of Louisville & Jeffersonville. The steamers going up and down the river are gorgeous with red, white, & blue, and loaded down with pleasure seekers.
Business is mostly stopped, while the citizens are having a holiday out in the country among the cool shady groves and green fields.
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July 5th
The 4th of July is past once more & our national birthday still finds a civil war of enormous magnitude desolating the country. In Georgia and Virginia great armies are contending with each other—one for the perpetuation of the Union the other for the destruction of it. The energies and resources of both sections are taxed to an unprecedented extent, but while the South has almost exhausted her resources, the North can replenish her armies from the overwhelming population of the loyal states. It is a matter of 21 million against 6 million. A question of time.
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July 6th
Jefferson Hospital is located one mile up the river from the village of Jeffersonville near the bank of the river. There are twenty four wards, each 100 feet long forming a circle with the gable ends all pointing toward a common center, like the spokes of a wheel. Inside is an area of 4 acres (the hub) with a corridor running around the circumference which joins the ends of the wards and is covered with a roof so that it makes a promenade for the patients in all kinds of weather. The Hospital has accommodations for 3,000 patients.
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July 7th
I feel feverish to-day. And when the doctor came around he examined my pulse and tongue, and gave me prescriptions for quinine and some other nauseating drug.
During the next nine days I had to keep my bed with the fever, taking copious doses of quinine.
For several nights I got no sleep. My wound became worse and my head swelled so that my eyes were shut close. However I began to get better about the 17th so I could get up and walk about some (I don't like the flavor of Quinine.)
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July 17th
Feel comfortable to day. There is considerable swelling about the left side of my head and I can't hear much with the left ear.
There are rumors that the rebel Gen. Buckner is making a raid into Northern Ky. via Pound Gap. All the convalescents in this place who are able to do light duty have been sent over to Louisville. The doctors were around last night examining men to see if they were fit for this duty.
I have not heard any report as to how many men Buckner had in his command. The citizens of Louisville are in great excitement.
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July 18th
The weather is hot and dry. People from the interior of Ind. & Ill. report that the crops are suffering for want of rain.
I am waiting for a cool cloudy day to come so that I can go out to Louisville to see some of my acquaintances who are in hospital there. I can't go out when the sun shines hot, on account of my sore head.
Corp King is home on furlough for 30 days. I got a letter from William this morning. Our folks are all well.
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July 19th
This morning, about two hundred deserters from Johnstons army took the oath of allegiance, and were put across the river at this place. I saw some of them as they came past the hospital, in their dirty grey uniforms. They were scattering in different directions, some towards Ohio some toward Ill. & Ind.
We are glad to see them coming in, in this way. The majority of them go to work in the harvest fields of the great west, where laborers are scarce and wages high. It is much better for them to wield the implements of agriculture, than warlike implements. Most of them will become good citizens.
[margin] Crossed the Potomac a year ago to-day, at Harpers Ferry.
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July 20th
Louisville Ky is quite a business place now and before the war it ranked high among the commercial cities of the west. Pleasantly located on the Ohio just above the "Falls" it was the great center of trade for Ky. & East Tenn. The produce of these sections were sent to market via Louisville and the imports came back by the same route.
There are many splendid public buildings, and private residences, and other indications that there is a good deal of wealth centered here. Of course times are dull now for the the effects of the rebellion have swept over Kentucky and Tenn.
The warehouses are empty mostly.
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July 21st
As a matter of course there are many secessionists in Louisville and in the commencement of the war several Confederate regiments were organized there. What remains of them are now in Georgia in Johnston's army "fighting for their rights" as they term it. The State of Kentucky has, on the other hand, furnished a good many soldiers for the Union (about 60 thousand) and they are good soldiers too. The press of Louisville, that is a portion of it, though not openly disloyal, has such a strong undercurrent of sympathy with traitors that it amounts to about the same thing. The morals of the city are improving under military rule in that respect and a short time has made a great change.
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July 22nd
The weather continues hot and dry, it is a month since any rain fell in Southern Ind. and no signs of rain are visible. The crops are suffering from the drouth & will be short. In the middle and northern parts of this state and Ills. there has been some rain. I saw a farmer from Central Ills., who has a son in the hospital. He is here for the purpose of getting a transfer for him to his own state. He says the crops are looking finely up there.
No New York men are getting transferred to their state. I don't know why this is. It looks partial and unjust.
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July 23rd
My head is feeling worse than usual to-day. For several days there has been a painful swelling about the left ear, extending down to the lower jaw. I can't hear much with that ear, nor open my mouth but a little. I don't get much sleep at night, for when I have lain down a little while there is a severe pain all over my head and then I have to sit up awhile. Last night I was obliged get up several times and walk about.
There are rumors of a great battle in front of Atlanta, in which the whole of each army was engaged resulting in a victory to our army.
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July 24th
Sunday. We are just receiving the news of a sanguinary battle near Atlanta, on the 20th Hooker's & Howard's corps (20th & 4th) had a hand to hand fight with the enemy and defeated them after several hours hard fighting.
Part of the fighting was in the open field—the first during the campaign.
Directly after Hood took command, he assumed the offensive contrary to Gen. Johnston's system of conducting the Georgia campaign.
Our army occupied the field at the close of the day. No accurate statements of the losses have reached us yet.
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July 25th
To-days papers bring the news that our army is in Atlanta, but we are inclined to be incredulous. The news is probably not true. Atlanta is no doubt a strongly fortified city and nothing less than a well conducted siege will take the place. If Johnston had remained in command, he would doubtless evacuated the position, but Hood's plan is to hold on as long as he can. It may take us weeks or months to accomplish the result, but Atlanta must & will be taken. It is as fixed as Fate.
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July 26th
There is sad news as well as joyful coming to us from the front. Maj. Gen. McPherson was killed by a sharpshooter in the recent battles before Atlanta. He was in command of the Army of the Tennessee. His remains passed here this morning, on the way to his home in Ohio.
Gen. McPherson was a graduate of West Point and for some time a teacher there. At the opening of the war, he tendered his services to the government and was appointed to an office in the engineer corps. When Grant took command of the western army he made him a General and subsequently a Maj. General.
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July 27th
One of the hottest days of the season. The news from Atlanta is somewhat modified. Our army at latest accounts did not occupy the city but their guns commanded a portion of it.
Everything was progressing favorably at the latest accounts and Gen. Sherman regards success as certain. My regiment was in the late fight but I have not heard from it and don't know whether they lost heavily or not. Saw an account of the officers killed and wounded. Our major was reported a prisoner. Lieuts Van Keuren (H) and Barlow (E) reported wounded.
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July 28
Sick and wounded are arriving here daily from the front. Others are going back to their regiments having recovered from their wounds and sickness. Some are transferred to their respective states and from there they will get furloughs. It is a hard matter for an Eastern soldier to get away from here except he goes to the front. The surgeons are western men and I am led to believe that an Eastern man don't stand half a chance with a Sucker, a hoosier, or a buckeye for favors and privileges.
So it goes.
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July 29th
When will this drouth, and fierce heat end? The earth is parched and drying, yes almost burning up with the heat.
The brazen sun glares down upon us with not a cloud to soften the torrid heat. The fields are brown and vegetation seems to have come to a stand-still.
The Ohio has been shrinking away from the parched shore into its own cool depths.
But few steamers are running at present. The banks of the river are lined with coal boats waiting for a "rise" to carry them over the Falls of the Ohio.
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July 30th
This afternoon there has been appearances of rain. A bank of lead colored clouds have been creeping up from the horizon, and about 4 P.M. shut out the glare of the sun. Our ward surgeon when he came round on his afternoon visit said he thought we should surely get rain within 24 hours.
The water works which supply the hospital have got out of order, or else the drouth has cut off the supply, and all the water has to be drawn from the river, and it requires a great quantity to keep the establishment going.
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July 31st
Two thunder showers passed over us this afternoon, but the quantity of rain which fell was not sufficient for the demand, and was speedily drank up by the thirsty soil.
We may expect more rain now that the "spell" is gone.
Gen. Hooker passed through here last night, on his way to Washington where he was ordered to report by the War Department.
Some of us surmise that he is going to take command in West Va. We don't like to lose him out of the 20th Corps.
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August 1st
Here commences the last summer month. In a short time the summer will be ended the harvest ended o'er and the nation not yet saved. And what is the reason that this enormous war which is now in the fourth year of its horrible existence is not ended? What reasonable excuse can we offer for allowing it to last so long? None whatever! If we had had the unity, the fixedness of purpose in the North that our enemies have always shown, it would have terminated long ago.
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Aug 2nd
We have not fully awakened yet to realize the magnitude of this rebellion. The North does not yet know its (the south's) resources its determined earnestness of purpose. The Rebels are in earnest! and allow nothing to stand between them and the realization of the end for which they launched out upon the stormy sea of secession. Opposition to "the powers that be" is a thing unknown in the C.S. They have no Vallandighams, Seymours Wood's Brookses etc. It would not be tolerated for a moment.
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Aug 3rd
Not much is going on now in Ga. or Va. The heat is too severe for active military operations, and the armies lie watching each other within cannon and rifle shot. When the cooler breezes of Sept begin to blow, and the troops have rested from their arduous campaign, we shall see active operations.
Several raids have been made by our cavalry around Atlanta, destroying railroad bridges and tearing up miles and miles of track.
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Aug 4th
For the last three weeks I have been troubled with a painful swelling about my left ear, and all over that side of my head. Sharp pains run from there down to my lower jaw. To-day my left eye is swelled shut, and I have a terrible headache. I have kept my bed all day. For the last week, the nurse has applied flaxseed poultices to the swelling. I dont get much sleep. After lying down an hour or so, the pain gets so severe that I have to get up.
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Aug 5th
We are getting plenty of rain these days. Last night the "blessed rain" poured down without cessation for several hours accompanied with thunder & lightning.
For once the thirsty earth got enough to drink. This morning the face of nature looks beautiful, even as seen from the inside of a hospital enclosure. This is becoming a dreary, monotonous life, and I shall rejoice when I get sound again. My head is no better yet. The doctor calls it an erysipelas swelling and says it may gather and break.
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Aug 6th
Our surgeons made an examination for the purpose of ascertaining how many men there were fit for light duty, and took their names. During the past week several of the prominent citizens of Louisville have been arrested and put in prison as it was found that they belonged to the treasonable order calling themselves "Sons of Liberty". Some of their friends have threatened to release them from prison and there has been considerable excitement on the subject. There will be more if anything of that character is attempted.
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Aug 7th
Gen. McCook recently went on a raid around to the rear of Atlanta, for the purpose of cutting the road from that city to Macon. He succeeded in destroying a large number of army wagons & their contents, destroyed several bridges, and took about a thousand prisoners.
Shortly afterward he was attacked by a superior force of Wheelers cavalry and was obliged to let his prisoners loose and try to save his own command which he finally accomplished after inflicting and sustaining a heavy loss.
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Aug 8th
Gen. McCook returned to Marietta, having accomplished the object of his expedition. His command was considerably scattered.
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Aug 9th
The rebels have finally been driven out of Maryland and Gen Sheridan is driving them up the Shenadoah Valley.
Com Farragut is in Mobile Bay, and has taken the forts which are situated at the entrance of the harbor.
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Aug 10th
Was outside the hospital yesterday an hour or two in the sunshine and it was too much for me. I came back sick and feverish. I have got no strength.
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Aug 11th
Gen. Slocum is ordered to report to Gen Sherman, and will probably take command of the 20th Corps. Rec'd a letter from Charley S.
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Aug 12th
The news from Mobile is good. Farragut has taken the forts and sunk most of the rebel fleet. Sheridan has won a victory over Early in West Va.
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Aug 13th
This morning the surgeon lanced the swelling on the side of my head, & it feels much better now. Answered Charley's letter.
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Aug 14th
There are rumors afloat that some guerillas have crossed the river 12 miles
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above here. last Last night a force was sent up the river to meet them. We have heard nothing of it since. The weather is not so hot as it was two weeks ago.
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Aug 15th
Weep not because the sunshine of thy days
By some dark cloud of sorrow is effaced,
Nor think, because thou canst not see its rays
That life henceforth must be a dreary waste
Hast thou not watched the brilliant summer sky
Grow dull and dim, with many a passing shower?
And yet as each successive storm swept by,
It seemed more calm and lovely than before
So shall it be with thee—the darkest night
At length must usher in the rising day;
And soon around thy path it shall be light
And hope's bright beams shall chase thy grief away
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Aug 16th
Alas! that war should ever come with
all its blighting train
Of evils, which do curse the earth,
and desolation reign
Where Industry has tilled the land
its riches to disclose
And made the barren wilderness
to blossom as the rose
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Aug 17th
If half the power which holds the world
in terror,
If half the wealth bestowed
on camps and courts,
Were given to redeem the human
mind from error,
There were no need of
arsenals and forts.
—Longfellow
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Aug 18th
Sail on! Sail on! Thou Ship of State,
Sail on thou Union strong and great,
Humanity with all its fears,
With all the hopes of future years,
Hangs breathless on thy fate.
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Aug 19th
Two great events are to occur in the loyal states this fall—namely the Presidential election and the draft for 500,000 men. We shall witness some strange developments. The "peace party" are doing their worst to inaugurate a civil war in the North but we trust that there is enough loyalty yet remaining there to crush those damnable vipers the Copperheads out of their miserable existence.
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Aug. 20th
The clerk of the weather has made a mistake, and given us an October rain storm, which makes us don our woolens to keep warm. The heat of this summer is past. We may have a day or two at a time that is rather warm, but no long terms of hot weather.
Wheelers cavalry recently undertook a raid on the road near Chattanooga, but were driven driven off by Gen. Steedman's forces before they had done any damage. Gen. Steedman was wounded in the fight. Communications are again established, and the road is well guarded.
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Aug 21st
Lieut. Gen. Grant has raised the siege of Petersburg and swung around to a new position before Richmond. The movement against Petersburg has proved to be a failure. As usual "some one has blundered". In my humble opinion, Gen. Robert E Lee is responsible for our want of success. Richmond is a hard nut to crack. For three years the largest and best of our armies have essayed to capture it, so far without success. Such an exhaustive conflict can not continue much longer. Either one side or the other or both must soon be exhausted in resources.
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Aug 22nd
Started for Louisville at 10 A.M. Had a nice ride on the ferry of about a mile. There was a cool breeze blowing across the hurricane deck which made one feel strong & vigorous.
Arrived in Louisville. I walked about the streets awhile to see the people—didn't see any one I knew, and felt lonesome. Went to several book-stores and looked at the late publications, several of which I should like to read. Came back to the ferry at 3 P.M. and saw a couple of hundred recruits on their way "to the front". Dan. Rices Show is in Jeffersonville, and there is a giant and "giantess" on exhibition in Louisville. The one 8 ft 2 in tall and weighing 596lbs. The other weighing 580lbs. Saw neither one of the shows.
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Aug 23rd
Yesterday I received a letter from an entirely new correspondent—as welcome as it was unexpected.
I think I must answer that letter when the sign comes right. Perhaps I'll get no answer. Well, if I don't we shall be even and I'll have the "last word". How are you "teacher of young ideas how to shoot?" The weather is fine and the Ohio is on the rise. Watermelons are plenty and cheap. Peaches and apples are in market, but they are so high that it don't pay to go in very extensively. Potatoes are worth $2.00 per. bush. and scarce. The summer was too dry for them.
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Aug 24th
A train of 20 ambulances containing sick & wounded arrived here from the Louisville depot at 8 A.M. They were from the Nashville hospitals. I could not find any from my regiment, although many belonged to the 20th Corps. Another lot are expected in to-morrow.
I made a pair of crutches for Geo. W. Holden, who is just getting able to stump around. He expects his furlough soon. Kilpatrick has resumed command of the cavalry in Georgia, vice Stoneman captured, and we may look for some new raids. "Stand from under", Wheeler. Kilpatrick has already made a break on the Atlanta and Macon road, capturing a battery and destroying communications.
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Aug 25th
I have just read an exposé of the order of "Sons of Liberty" by one of their number who proved recreant to his faith. A few weeks since some agents of the "S.L." went to New York and purchased 30,000 revolving pistols, and shipped them to Indianapolis in boxes marked "Sunday School Books". Gov. Morton having got wind of the transaction, confiscated the "Books" on their arrival.
The objects of the organization are, to aid the Southern Confederacy,—to oppose the the Administration,—to elect a Copperhead president, to resist the draft, and finally to establish a North-Western Confederacy—
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Aug 26th
Daylight this morning showed huge masses of black clouds rolling up in the northwest, and about 7 o'clock the storm burst upon us. There was torrents of rain loud peals of thunder, and sharp flashes of lightning. It sounded like the war of battle. Our tents were almost blown down by the wind. The storm lasted an hour or two. About 60 convalescents left for the front at 1 P.M. The news from Virginia is better. Gen. Warren now holds the Weldon Railroad and is confident of his ability to maintain his position. If he does, it will seriously injure Gen. Lee's commissary department. Around Atlanta matters are not materially changed. Slocum has arrived and taken command of the Twentieth Army Corps.
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Aug 27th
Was cool & pleasant with a fresh northerly breeze until sunset. The surgeons were around taking the names of Illinois, Indiana, & Wisconsin soldiers for the purpose of transfering them to to their own states. The Chicago Convention meets next Monday (29th) and we shall soon know who runs on the Democratic presidential ticket. Preparations for the draft are being made, and unless there is a postponement of the day, it will commence on the 5th of Sept. The "hundred day" regiments are returning, their time having expired and they will take their chances of being drawn. All between the ages of 20 & 45 who have not served two years in the army or navy, and are not physically disabled are subject to draft, except aliens.
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Aug 28th
The Convention is assembling at Chicago and telegrams announce the multitude already there, as beyond precedent.
If it does not break up in a row we shall soon know who is in nomination. It will probably be McClellan. We shall see—
There has been some hard fighting recently in Virginia, near Petersburg. Warrens corps still holds the Weldon road.
Sheridan is doing well in the Shenandoah Valley. Com. Farragut in conjunction with the land forces is investing Mobile. Sherman is slowly gaining ground at Atlanta. Everything is going on favorably.
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Aug 29th
Last night at 11 P.M. a train of ambulances arrived here containing 300 sick & wounded (mostly the latter). They were put into the wards, and supper given to them, after which their wounds were dressed. Some of them were directly from the front, but most of them were transferred from Nashville. To day the surgeons were visiting all the wards and tents for the purpose of examining the patients—to ascertain how many are fit for duty. Some go into the invalid corps, some to the front, and some are detailed for duty in the hospital.
The weather is cool and pleasant, and toward morning the nights become cold. Mosketoes are very plenty and hungry.
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Aug 30th
The inspectors finished their rounds this morning. About two hundred were sent to their regiments. News comes that Fort Morgan—the last fortification at the entrance to Mobile harbor has surrendered to Com. or Admiral Farragut.
The Convention at Chicago is about organized. McClellan seems to be the man. There has been more fighting along the line of the Weldon railroad.
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God Save the State.
God bless our native land!
Firm may she ever stand,
Through storm & night;
When the wild tempests rave,
Ruler of winds and wave,
Do thou our country save.
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Aug 31st
McClellan is nominated as candidate for President of the United States and Pendleton for Vice president. The vote stood 202 for McClellan and 24 for Seymour.
There was but one ballot. At one time it was thought that Gov. Seymour would get the nomination.
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By thy great might.
For her our prayers shall rise
To God above the skies;
On him we wait:
Thou who art ever nigh,
Guarding with watchful eye,
To Thee aloud we cry,
God save the State!
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September First
The Fall of the year has commenced. Summer is past. The golden harvests have been gathered. Notwithstanding the drouth, which was very severe in some sections, the crops are tolerably good, and there is no prospect of a "famine" as some croakers predicted. We are not going to starve. War is bad enough without famine—
Gen. Wheeler is menacing the railroad south of Nashville with a force variously estimated at from 6 to 8 thousand.
He approached via East Tenn. Our forces are prepared to meet them.—
Mr Luther Hall of Berkshire Co. Mass called on me this morning—
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Sept. 2nd
A refreshing thunder shower in the morning which cleared up about 9 A.M. and a cool breeze set in. Got a pass and went to see the N.Y. State Agent in Louisville. On the way met a lot of rebel prisoners (500) on their way to camp in Illinois. They were taken by Kilpatrick in his recent raid around Atlanta. They looked very well physically, but were poorly clothed. They were very much in want of that indispensable article tobacco. I had some with me and gave it to them—as far as it would go. In conversing with them I found that their ideas of the war were like ours—rather mixed. Several were "dog-gone sure they had got enough of it".
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Sept 3rd
War Department
Washington Sept 2
To Maj. Gen. Dix:
The following telegram from Gen. Slocum dated this day in Atlanta confirms the capture of that city:
Sherman has taken Atlanta: The 20th Corps occupies the city. The main army is on the Macon road near East Point. A battle was fought near that point, in which Sherman was successful. Particulars not known.
H. W. Slocum
Major General,
An unofficial report states that Hood's army was cut in two and Gen. Hardee killed. This is glorious news and we hope it is reliable—
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Sept 4th
The reports that Atlanta is captured are confirmed this morning but we have got no particulars farther than that the enemy evacuated the place on account of a flank movement of Gen. Sherman's army which made the city untenable. They retreated in the direction of East Point on the Macon Rail-road.
From the fact that the enemy have had plenty of time to remove all their munitions of war and machinery for making the same we presume the captures are not very extensive. As a strategic point however, it is vulnerable to us.
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Sept 5th
This is the day fixed for the draft to take place on, in those districts that have not already filled their quota by volunteering. My native town, Washington, has already sent forward the number required. Some sections are very much behind, and the draft will fall heavily on them. New York City for instance.
There is great rejoicing over the capture of Atlanta and Shermans victory. According to the accounts, which are rather meagre as yet, Sherman had a brilliant success. The telegraph lines are down between Nashville & Chattanooga.
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Sept 6th
The capture of Atlanta is producing an encouraging effect throughout the North. Grant had better look to his laurels, or Sherman will outstrip him and walk into the back-door of Richmond while the modern Ulysses is knocking at the front.
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Alone among the busy throng,
Alone in this vast town:
Ay, there though jostled right and left,
I oft have felt alone.
Though many an anxious face I scan,
No sympathy I find;
Each on his own concerns intent,
To others' cares is blind.
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Sept 7th
An examination was made to-day by Dr Mathewson. I told him I thought I thought I was fit for duty again, so to-morrow I start for my regiment, which is now in Atlanta. I expect we shall be several days getting through, as Wheeler has injured the track and bridges extensively between Nashville and Chattanooga, and according to accounts from Nashville it would take "several or more" days to get it in running order again. Rousseau has put Wheelers guerillas to flight and they are making their way out of Tennessee "right smart".
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Sept 8th
Made preparations for leaving at two P.M. Got an order for some clothing and drew it. It was rainy in the morning, but cleared up bright and pleasant at noon. When the hour came for us to march our names were called, and shortly afterwards we left the Indiana shore. There were 80 of us. Arrived in Louisville we were sent to the Exchange Barracks, a block of old brick tenement houses fitted up by our Uncle Samuel for the accommodation of his transient nephews. The fare was tough,—boiled pork villainous coffee and bread comprised the bill of fare. Am in a hurry to get away from here.
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Sept 9th
"Get ready to go to Nashville" was the order early in the morning, and we willingly obeyed it. 9 A.M. found us aboard the train, enjoying a pleasant ride through the forests and across the plains of "Old Kentuck".
The cool September breeze and bright sun made everything pleasant and as I looked out on the beautiful landscape, my thoughts reverted to the days when Daniel Boone roved through these same forests in quest of the bear, the deer or it might be the Indian. Now, vast cornfields and orchards, pleasant looking villages and thrifty farms on either side.
At five in the afternoon arrived in Nashville, and went to the "Zollicoffer House" which by the way is a gay institution.
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Sept 10th
No prospect of getting through to the regiment for several days, and we have got to stay caged here in this Bastile along with 3 or 4 thousand fellow soldiers. The Zollicoffer House was cut out for one of the biggest hotels in the south, but the war breaking out when it was about two thirds completed, Zollicoffer suspended operations on it and took a brigadier's commission in the rebel army. He was killed by Col. Fry at the battle of Mill Spring. When the union army got posession of Nashville the house soon fitted up as barracks for soldiers who are obliged to wait for transportation to or from their regiments. I shall rejoice when I get out of the place.
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Sept 11th
Passed the day in reading, mostly. Wrote a letter home. There is no chance to get out of here to attend a meeting and to-day is Sunday. Had a birds eye view of the city from the roof of Zollicoffer. Nashville is now estimated to have a population of 75,000, having more than doubled in the last three years. The city is extensive for the amount of population and there are many fine private residences in the suburbs. The capitol is a majestic edifice standing on a little round hill of solid limestone in the center of the city. Nashville is called the City of Rocks.
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Sept 12th
"Whereas, it has pleased Almighty God to recently vouchsafe great triumphs to the national arms in the capture of Mobile Bay, the Weldon Rail Road and Atlanta, and the killing of the marauder, John Morgan, and the defeat of Wheeler and his raiders,—It is recommended and directed, that on Monday Sept. 12th, the bells of all the churches and public edifices be rung between the hours of 6 & 7 P.M. a salute of one hundred guns be fired at noon, and the city (Nashville) be illuminated commencing at 7 P.M."
Andrew Johnson
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I am to start for the regiment at 1 P.M., I expect. I gave my name in this morning, to be sent and I hope to get out of here as soon as possible.
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Sept 13th
Was disappointed in getting off yesterday, and had to submit to another period of incarceration. The celebration passed off yesterday and last night according to the programme and the citizens of Nashville evinced a great deal of patriotism and the right kind of feeling on account of the recent union victories. Nashville may well lay claim to a loyal name and take her place among the the redeemed cities of the south. Feel un not well this evening—the confinement and impure water is the cause. I tried to get off again at two P.M. but none but cavalry and sailors were sent. So there's another disappointment. King got off yesterday.
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Sept 14th
Thank fortune I got out of the Zollicoffer jail at two P.M. and at 3 we were aboard the train for Chattanooga. A few miles out from Nashville began to see the marks of Wheelers raid. For several miles between Nashville & Murfreesboro the whole track was destroyed and the iron rails twisted into all sorts of fantastical shapes. Only one bridge of any account was destroyed. Thousands of cords of government wood piled along the track was burned by the marauders, and long lines of white ashes remain. Rousseau is close after Wheeler and will make him smell woolen before he gets across the Tennessee.
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Sept 15th
Found ourselves at Stevenson at daylight where we had to wait an hour on the side track for up trains to pass. Stevenson is a small village of 20 or 30 houses and scores of tents. It was at one time the base of Rosecrans' army. Arrived in Chattanooga at noon, having been 20 hours—from Nashville—150 miles. Our squad was sent to the convalescent camp east of town, where where I met with Williams, Whitely, Briggs, Williamson, of Co. C, and Chamberlain & Sheldon of Co. A. They are going to the regiment on Monday next. I can wait and go with them, or go to morrow along with the cattle guard which I don't think I shall do.
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Sept 16th
I find the weather somewhat warmer here than it was up in Indiana in the daytime and cooler at night. Chattanooga is a place of not much importance, except in a military point of view. One railroad goes from here to Nashville, another to Knoxville, & one to Atlanta. A plain of 6 miles in length by 3 to 4 in breadth, shut in by mountain walls on three sides with the Tennessee on the other, contains the "city" the forts and camps, hospitals &c. Every little elevation is crowned with a fortification and a small force could now hold the place against greatly superior numbers.
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Sept 17th
The day after to-morrow we, that is Williams, Whitely, Briggs, Chamberlin and myself are going to get transportation to the front. To-day I have been looking at the natural scenery about Chattanooga. Four miles to the southwest, Lookout Mountain rears its majestic proportions. A veil of clouds hides its summit while the base is washed by the waters of the Tennessee. Half way up the slope is a small farm of cleared land and an orchard. A line of earthworks are visible from the plain below. I should like very much to go up to the top of the mountain and if we don't get transportation next Monday I intend to get a pass for that purpose.
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Sept 18th
Sunday and the church bells of Chattanooga are warning the good people of the fact. There are 4 or 5 churches in the place. Railroad business goes on the same to day as any other. Trains arrive from and depart for the front laden with hardtack, pork, coffee, sugar, etc, etc. War knows no Sunday. "Necessity knows no law", and it is a military necessity to keep the supply trains going. Weather fine. We cant get transportation until Monday Tuesday next and to-morrow I am going to Lookout Mountain.
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Sept 19th
One year ago to-day the disastrous battle of Chicamauga commenced and these quiet vales echoed to the roar of artillery. The scene is different now, and the front is more than 100 miles farther south and the Gate City is in our posession. I have been on Lookout, and though the ascent was long and tiresome I may say that I was well paid for the labor in the beautiful & grand views which can be had from the summit. Northern Alabama and Georgia and Eastern Tennessee lie spread out at your feet like a map and you trace the windings of the Tennessee river for scores of miles.
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Sept 20th
Packed up our traps and went down to the depot a little after noon. Had to wait 'till 6 P.M. for a train. There are three trains for Atlanta at 6 every evening and the tops of the cars are loaded with soldiers, while the inside of the car is full of military stores. A few miles out and it came on dark with signs of rain. About 10 the rain commenced and together with the uncomfortable position on the car roof made the ride anything but agreeable. Passed through two long tunnels—one under Missionary Ridge—the other through Tunnel Hill.
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Sept 21st
At daylight we arrived at Ackworth Station—100 miles from Chattanooga. This was the terminus of the railroad when I was here three months ago. It is only 38 miles from here to Atlanta, but we did not arrive there until 3 P.M. We stopped at Marietta a long time waiting for trains to pass going north, and did not arrive at the Chattahoochie 'till after dark. The country is rolling and thickly wooded and ridged with long lines of earthworks. Put up at the Soldiers Home near the depot and had a good nights sleep.
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Sept 22nd
After having a good breakfast, we packed up and started for the regiment, which lay about a mile from the depot. Atlanta has been a flourishing place, in times past, but war has left its marks upon it. The citizens are leaving daily in large numbers by order of Gen. Sherman who says that the city shall be used entirely for military purposes.
Found the boys at the regiment all well, that is those that were there, but we have lost quite a number during the campaign which has been a trying one.
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Sept 23rd
Earthworks Forts Rifle-pits and all other kinds of fortifications ever known surround the city of Atlanta and it is no wonder the rebels thought they held an impregnable position. So it was to a direct attack, but Sherman found other means to gain the prize he had been fighting for all summer.
Leaving the 20th Corps to hold the Chattahoochie bridge and the fords on each side he moved the remainder of the army around to the Macon road, thereby getting into the rear of Hood's army and severing his only line of communications.
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Sept 24th
The 20th Corps occupies the city and the main army is encamped on the road out toward "Rough & Ready" 11 miles from here where Hoods army now is. No hostilities are going on at present, and the citizens of Atlanta are leaving daily—some going south and some going north as they see fit. Sheridan has gained a splendid victory in the Shenandoah Valley—routing the forces of Early and taking 3,000 prisoners, 6 pieces of artillery , 16 stand of colors and several thousand of small arms.
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Sept 25th Sunday.
Our Chaplain preached in the Presbyterian Church on Marietta Street to-day to a full congregation composed of the war-worn veterans of the 1st Division who a few weeks ago could only lie in their trenches "in front of Atlanta" and look at the spires as the sun gilded them with his brightness. In front was strong lines of earthworks with impenetrable abbatis, forts belching forth shot and shell, and making night (and day) hideous with their infernal screaching. Good News! The Paymaster is around!!! How are you Greenbacks?
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Sept 26th
One year ago to-day we lay at Bealton Station, Virginia, waiting for transportation to Tenn. The following morning at 2 A.M. we got aboard of a train and at sunrise were in Alexandria. Arrived at our destination Oct 3rd. It was a long and tedious journey, the way we took it. We were not paid to-day according to expectations.
I am not feeling as well as I did when I arrived here. The change from a hospital diet to hardtack and fresh beef does not agree with me, but I must get used to it. Col. Ketcham is a candidate for congressman this fall.
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Sept 27th
The troops are comfortably quartered in board shanties made of old houses standing in the suburbs of the city. The camps are laid out with neatness and regularity, and everything kept clean. We have rows of pine saplings stuck up in the streets and it gives the camp a fine appearance.
Company drill twice a day and dress parade is the order now. The usual amusements and games to pass away the tedious hours are going on. Some of the boys have built bowling alleys and use cannon shot for the balls to bowl with. Cannon balls are plenty around here.
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Sept 28th
I have had another attack of chills and fever this afternoon, which is the third one now. Political excitement runs high in the army at present and the supporters of Little "Mac" and "Old Abe" have many a windy argument about their respective claims for the presidency. It looks now as if it would be about an even thing in the army one having as many adherents as the other. Next November will tell the story and I only ask that the best man may be elected. The man who can guide the Ship of State into the harbor of an honorable peace is the man we want, and will have.
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Sept 29th
Was out to the outer line of fortifications near the spot where the lamented McPherson fell. The trees are scarred and mangled by balls and many of them cut off entirely by solid shot. The conflict must have been a terrible one to judge by the marks we see on all sides. The Army of the Tennessee won imperishable laurels on that day, but in McPherson they lost a gallant leader and the country, a noble patriot, whose loss will be severely felt. He was Sherman's "right bower" as he termed him. He now sleeps in Northern Ohio near the home of his friends and relatives.
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Sept. 30th
The 150th is being paid off for the first time in eight months and the sight of greenbacks seemeth good unto us. I received $123.50 and shall send 100 of it home. Capt Coggswell takes the money of the men and gives them checks on the Pokeepsie Bank for the amount.
Had another chill and fever this afternoon lasting 4 or 5 hours. A new line of fortifications are to be built within the present lines, so that a smaller force can hold the place. Some raiding is going on in the rear now along the railroad, which don't amount to anything more than a temporary disarrangement of the trains for a few hours now and then.
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Oct. 1st
Another month begun to-day. "How warm the weather is for the season" is the general remark, and it is readily assented to by "Perspiring patriots". Deposited my money with Capt Coggswell and received a check "Payable to Edwin Curtiss on order". Feel very well as this is not my day for the shakes, but I dread the morrow, for I am pretty confident what it will bring forth. If you have ever had the shakes (ague & fever) you will know how to appreciate them.
The First Brigade is going a few miles out into the country for the purpose of guarding mules while they are grazing. The 147th New York is in the city on guard with
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Oct. 2nd
The documents have arrived, in relation to the soldiers voting and the company officers are busy filling out the forms and taking the names of voters. In a day or two the ballots will be here, and each man will enclose the one he chooses to cast in the envelope and forward it to some voter of his acquaintance at home. On election day the recipient will deposit this envelope, unopened, with the inspectors of elections in his district who will open the envelopes and take account of the votes. Our regiment seems to be strongly Democratic, but Col. Ketcham who is for congress will get nearly all the votes.
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Oct. 3rd
The enemy are making raids in our rear evidently with the intention of harrassing our lines of communication and cutting off our supplies so as to compel Gen Sherman to "fall back". When they succeed in making The Great Flanker order a retrograde movement they will be older, wiser, and stronger than they are now, by far.
I understand that the 4th Corps has gone back to Marietta to straighten up matters. The weather is rainy and warm. A strong detail went out from our Brigade for fatigue duty in the city. There has been no mail for several days.
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Oct. 4th
At 5 A.M. a detail (100 men) from our regt was sent to work on the new forts down town.
About 4 in the afternoon an order came for us to "pack up everything", and be ready to march at a moments notice. In an hour or two the drum beat for us to "fall in" and we took up our line of march out on the state pike. We marched over a rough road in the dark until we came to the outer line of fortifications where we were disposed in suitable places to repel any attack which might be made from that quarter. Part of the command went into the fort which stands out on the right of the road, as you go out of the city.
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Oct. 5th
Nothing occurred last night to disturb us, and we slept soundly in the works with a cloudy October sky for a canopy, and the rather hard soil for a couch. Directly in front, and not more than 500 yards distant are the parallels which our brigade constructed during the siege. Every tree, bush, and stump is marked by some kind of missile. In front of these works, which we now occupy, are strong lines of cheveaux de frieze almost impassable, if there was no opposing force in the works. Direct assault would have been the height of folly and an unwarrantable sacrifice of men. Strategy was the only available resource, and it accomplished the result.
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Oct. 6th
The enemy in direct violation of the 10 days "flag of truce" or agreement that there should be no hostilities during that period transferred the main portion of his army to the north side of the Chattahoochie and got posession of the railroad in our rear. Gen. Sherman has moved all his army, except the 20th Corps, and intends to regain the line. It is a vital question to us—the posession of that road, and we feel confident that Gen. Sherman will soon have things in working order again. We have various reports from the field of operations but nothing reliable.
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Oct. 7th
Was detailed to go down to the city to work on the fortifications. Got up at 4 A.M. and made a breakfast of hard-tack & coffee and an hour after we fell in at the sound of the bugle and marched to the fort which our detail is working upon.
There are 20 new forts in process of construction, and they are connected by breastworks.
The line of defenses is inside the line built by Hood and it will take less men to hold the place when we get them completed. There are several heavy guns here ready to be mounted, mostly 64 pounders and any amount of light artillery. There are no troops here now beside the 20th Corps.
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Oct. 8th
The strong north wind was cold this morning, and we wished for our overcoats, which are on the way from Nashville. Capt. Green went back for them three weeks ago, and we shall probably have them very soon after the road is opened. We are on half rations of meat now and have been for several days. We get more than full rations of hard bread, and regular rations of coffee, sugar, rice and beans.
The news from Gen. Sherman is good and cheering. The report that he has full posession of the railroad is confirmed to-day. We are getting anxious for the arrival of a mail, a pleasure which has been denied us for two long weeks. Next week we shall get one sure.
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Oct. 9th
Shivering around our fires we stood this morning, wondering where the "warm sunny south" was located, or if even such a place was ever known only in the imagination of the chivalrous. It is cold enough this very October morning to suit a volunteer from the frosty regions of Maine.
I have been out this P.M. to see the works built and occupied by our Brigade during the siege of this city. They are fully as strong as those of the enemy. Here and there are graves marked with the name of the soldier who shall sleep there until the Great Reveille shall be sounded.—The grass grows green above them, while friends far away anxiously vainly await their return.
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Oct. 10
At 4 P.M. a detail of one lieut. one sergt one corpl and 22 men was ordered from our regt to report at brigade head quarters. I was detailed. We took the cars at the depot at 5 and arrived in Marietta a little past 9 having traveled at the velocity of 5 miles an hour. The bridge over the Chattahoochie is rather shaky at present and trains go across at a snail's pace. The country on both sides of the river is very broken and has many defensible positions.
We are going after a drove of beef cattle, which are now near Kennesaw Mt.
We bivouacked for the night near the railroad tracks in the center of the town.
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Oct. 11th
After breakfast we packed up and started for Kennesaw for our cattle. There are 8,000 head about here grazing that have recently been driven through from Chattanooga. The cattle are not as fat as they might be, but will average very well (for army beef). The detail from our division took 2,000 head, and then we turned back toward the Chattahoochie, distant 16 miles. We had no trouble in driving the cattle and were not molested by guerrillas, though without any doubt they were watching us. Arrived at the river at sunset, and killed a fat cow for supper, and after eating lay down by our campfires.
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Oct. 12th
Started for Atlanta with our drove at 7 after leaving 150 head for the garrison at the bridge. Feel stiff and foot-sore this morning as this is the first marching I have done for nearly 4 months. A detachment of the 5th Conn. was deployed as skirmishers to go through the woods ahead of us. They met with no opposition however and we arrived in town at noon without losing a single "critter". Found our regiment gone on a foraging expedition. They started yesterday morning, taking 4 days rations with them. Details from the three Brigades in our division came with orders for the cattle and took them away and we then marched to our old camp.
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Oct. 13th
Three brigades, one battery, and a cavalry force have gone on an expedition to Decatur & beyond for the purpose of capturing some commissary and quartermaster stores said to be there. Maj. Smith is in command of the regt. Col. Ketcham being a member of the court-martial now in session was prevented from going with his command—much against his will. Have been to see Lieut. S. Humeston, and stayed there 3 or 4 hours. Sink. has got a bully situation in the Ambulance Corps. No communications through to Chattanooga yet.
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Oct. 14th
The regiment returned about 10 this morning tired and dusty. The expedition was successful in gathering a large amount of forage. They brought in 500 wagon loads of corn a lot of beef cattle some sweet potatoes &c. They went out beyond Stone Mt. in the vicinity of Flat Rock.
The country out that way is full of forage.
The command met with no opposition, except some slight cavalry skirmishing. One or two of the 7th Ohio cavalry were wounded. Our boys had a pretty hard march on their return—marching nearly all night.
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Oct. 15th
Sat up all night last night with an aching tooth, and early this morning went to Surg. Campbell and had the old offender (a double one with 3 prongs) extracted. Election took place in our Regt yesterday and last night two-thirds of the regt goes Republican. Moved back to our camp near the rebel breastworks on the north west side of the city. Had to rebuild our shanties which had mostly been torn down during our absence by some troops who were camped near by.
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Oct. 16th Sunday
and nothing new going on in camp. Had meeting at 4 P.M. Weather fine. Wrote one letter. Col. Ketcham Capts Titus, Woodin & Lieut Nabbett started for home last night but it is not certain that they will get through to Chattanooga as the road is partly in the enemy's posession and partly in our own. Hood is at Dalton and Buzzard's Roost while Sherman has forces on either side. Things are rather mixed up there at present, and we wait events. Something will turn up in a few days it is certain.
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Oct. 17th
Gen. Geary has gone out on another expedition for forage, starting yesterday. He met with the enemy in considerable force near Yellow Stone creek and had a short fight which resulted in his capturing 2 cannon and a lot of prisoners from the rebels
Oct 18th
Rainy in the morning somewhat, but it cleared up presently, bright and warm. Were inspected by Capt Horne at 3 P.M. A fatigue party was sent down town to work on the fortifications. An interior line of works is being constructed, which when completed will be as near impregnable as is possible.
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Oct 19th
Stillwell and I went down town at 10 A.M. and circulated about the city until noon when we went to the "Trout House" for dinner. Found the house closed so went to a dozen different private houses before we could find anything to eat. At last we found a northern family who had lived 13 yrs. in the south, and there we got stewed beef, corn bread, stewed peaches, syrup and coffee, for the reasonable sum of 50cts each. All the property this family posessed was invested in real estate in the city of Atlanta and they could realize nothing on it now, otherwise they would gladly go north where their former home was.
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Oct. 20th
Heard some firing in the direction of the river this forenoon and presently a train passed which we afterwards discovered had been fired into by guerrillas. Cavalry scouts were immediately sent out to scour the country. We have not heard what success they met with yet. To night just after dark we heard the report of a gun in Co "H" and a crowd soon gathered on the street. One of the recruits had committed suicide by placing the muzzle of his loaded musket in his mouth and pulling the trigger with his toe.
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Oct. 21st
Went down town in the morning and traveled around two or three hours. At noon King and I commenced to rebuild our cabin and had it finished by night with the exception of laying the floor.
Oct. 22nd Commenced building our chimney early in the morning and by noon we had it nearly completed. A little past noon we got orders to pack up immediately and in half an hour we were off for our old camp. We left our knapsacks there, and marched out of the city in light marching order, carrying only a blanket.
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Oct. 23rd
Three brigades of our corps are out in the vicinity of Stone Mountain on a foraging expedition. They started day before yesterday and our brigade goes out to protect their rear from a rebel force that has crossed the river. Last night we reached the South River at Flat Rock 17 miles from Atlanta. It was 12 P.M. when we got into camp and we were tired. On our way we passed the field where the Army of the Tenn. fought and where Gen. McPherson was killed. The country is rolling and thickly wooded. Roads are very good and water abundant. Everything in the line of forage has been stripped along this route and most
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of the houses are deserted. I dont think we saw a half dozen citizens on yesterdays march. This morning we started early and marched up down the left bank of the river a few miles and then struck across the country in the direction of Stone Mountain. About noon we came to the Decatur Road and marched in the direction of Decatur. We overtook the rear of the foraging train and found them all right, soon afterward. Most of the wagons were filled with corn. There were 700 wagons in the train, and it reached 4 miles. This forenoon our commanding officer found a quantity of cotton belong
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ing to a secessionist and applied the match to it. It appeared wrong to me, to see the valuable material consumed by the flames but we had no transportation for it. Heard some firing in the advance toward night but did not ascertain what it was about. Camped for the night, one mile from Decatur, the train being parked in an extensive field.
Oct. 24th We did not get started until 10 A.M. as it took a long time for the train to "pull out". Decatur has been a pretty town in its day but it now presents a sorrowful picture with its "ruined homes and roofless walls". It is only one of the thousands of
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similar pictures which war makes. The country is level and productive in this section and whenever anything had been cultivated it grew luxuriantly. The timber is oak, hickory and considerable pine (second growth). Every cornfield, potato patch, and orchard has been stripped of its harvest and the fields are becoming brown and dry. The nights are cold now and we have had some frost. Arrived in Atlanta about 1 P.M. and had our dinner at the old camp after which we went back to our position on the Marietta road. Found nothing disturbed during our absence. Feel very tired and glad to get back where we can get rested out.
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Oct 25th
Finished our tent this forenoon. Capt. McConnel and Asst. Surg. Cook have resigned and they are now citizens. They leave for home to-morrow. Dr. Cook called to see us before leaving. Dr. Campbell is with the regt. now, a good doctor and well liked by the men. The weather is fine. The days are not too hot nor too cold. The nights toward morning become very chilly and there has been several frosts. Rations continue scarce, and are dealt out to us rather sparingly. Of hard bread we get ¾ lb. Beef ("Bones") 1 lb. and other rations in proportion. Road not open yet.
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Oct. 26th
In camp with nothing to do. After dinner Corp. DuBois and I went over to the camp of the 2nd Brig. Ambulance Corps. We found Lieut. Humeston at home. On the way we passed by the strong line of earthworks on the Northwest side of the city. There were the outer line of works held by the enemy during the siege, and they are strong enough to defy any force that could be brought against them. Nothing but strategy could force them out, and this was the means which Gen Sherman made use of.
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Oct 27th
Was detailed for picket, and at 8 A.M. in a drenching rain storm our guard was mounted and we marched out to the works which the 4th corps occupied when in front of Atlanta. The face of the country is very uneven here consisting of small round hills, without any commanding positions. Rainy most all day and clearing up just after dark with a thunder shower. A building containing ammunition was struck by lightning and burned.
Oct. 28th In camp all day
Oct. 29th Charley Smith went to the hospital
Oct. 30th We are expecting to move from here shortly
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Oct 31st
The news of Sheridan's recent victories in the Shenandoah Valley is coming to us and the official despatches confirm the first reports, which we supposed had undergone the usual exaggeration. Sheridan's victories tread closely after each other and he has established his reputation as a skillful general. November First
We are expecting to move now every day. Yesterday we were mustered for two months pay by Maj. A.B. Smith Comdg Regt. The command numbers about 400 men at present. We are expecting recruits soon.
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Nov. Second
This is a cold stormy day and it commenced raining last night some time and has showed no sign of letting up "already". The road continues open and trains arrive and depart continually.
Nov. 3rd Foul weather still. An overcoat is a very comfortable affair to those who are so fortunate as to possess one. Ours have not arrived here from Nashville although we are expecting them every day and have been for the last month.
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and two non-coms were sent down town on fatigue duty. We went to the Stone Round House and after waiting two hours for orders, we commenced loading two cars with ordnance stores (Springfield Rifles). We then loaded several cars with infantry ammunition. When this was done it was 2 A.M. and we came back to camp, and heard that we were ordered to march at 6 in the morning. At daylight the order was countermanded so we are still in camp yet where I hope we will stay 'till the mud dries up.
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Nov 5th We are expecting a severe campaign this winter and have prepared for it. Every man has drawn clothing sufficient for three months, and the camp and garrison equippage has been overhauled and renewed. B. E. Smith, F. Smith, & T. Neston returned to the company to day from hospital. At 2 P.M. the order came for us to "pack up", and in half an hour we were in line. We went first to Brigade Head Quarters and waited two hours. Then we marched out through the city taking the Macon Road. 3 miles south of the suburbs, in an
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open field we made our camp and in a few minutes a thousand camp fires were flashing, and the busy scenes of an army just encamping were visible on all sides. None of us knew where our destination was, but the camp was full of all sorts of rumors. The most probable story was that we were en route for Macon. distant 103 miles. We have large supply trains along containing supplies sufficient for 50 days and the section through which we are going contains plenty of forage for the animals.
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After supper we sat around the camp fires awhile, talking and smoking,—speculating on the campaign about to be inaugurated, and then sought repose beneath the "snowy folds" of two government blankets, with a "knapsack for a pillow" to dream perhaps of bygone days, days ere we donned the army blue, and "rushed to our country's defense". Perchance while in dreamland the future might paint itself in glowing colors to our imagination. Slept soundly in spite of the vociferous brayings of a stentorian lunged mule picketed near by.
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Nov 6th Arose at an early hour, not knowing but we would soon be ordered to march. Soon after the first streak of daylight was visible I heard the report of a musket in front of the pickets of the second division, and a few seconds afterward a rattling volley of a dozen pieces. A few scattering shots were heard for a half hour afterward. We ascertained that a party of about 25 rebel cavalry had made a dash on our picket line out on the Macon Road. The sun came up presently dispensing light and warmth, and
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soon the camps were astir, fires were renewed, breakfast cooked, and we were ready to march as soon as the order came.
The forenoon wore away and noon came, but no order for marching. Two days rations of bacon, "tack", sugar, coffee, soap & candles were issued to us and soon after this the command was given "strike tents and be ready to move immediately". We filed out on the road and instead of going ahead made a retrograde movement, arriving in the old camp by 4 P.M. having been out a little over 24 hours.
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Nov. 7th The cause of our coming back into the city, and postponing the campaign I am unable to state, but presume that some of the arrangements were incomplete. We found some of our shanties burnt up by a detachment of cavalry that occupied the camp the night we were absent.
To-morrow is election day in the north, and it will be an eventful day too. The destinies of the nation may be decided during the next 24 hours. It will be several days before we hear the returns from all the states. We wait with anxiety to hear the results.
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Nov. 8 A disagreeable day—muddy, rainy and cloudy.
There are stirring times in the loyal states now and many think that the election will be about an even thing. The result depends on the states of New York, and Penn. As they go so goes the election. Those states cast nearly half enough electoral votes to decide the question.
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Nov. 9th Early in the morning we heard several heavy guns fired and the reports of shells bursting. The firing was on that portion of the defenses held by the 2nd Division. Soon afterward we heard musketry firing on their picket line. Our artillery then opened and the firing lasted perhaps half an hour. We received orders to pack up and be ready to move immediately. Our Brigade moved out on the Sandtown Road on a reconnoisance. While Gen Geary moved on another route we were trying to get to the rear of the force that made the attack. We went on 'till we came near the river and then struck off on another route. We suppose
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that it was a cavalry force we were chasing, as we did not come up with them. Returned to camp about 7 P.M.
Nov. 10th Rested in camp. On dress-parade. this evening our adjutant read some telegraphic despatches giving the election returns from most of the loyal states. Lincoln is re-elected! Bully for Lincoln!
Nov 11th Was on picket at the old breastworks. We found a steer in the bushes and butchered him in the afternoon. The meat was good. There was a large fire in the city this evening. It was the work of some of the citizens, trying to destroy
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government stores. A reward of $500 is offered for the apprehension of the incendiaries.
Nov 12th Part of the 15th Corps came in to night, and the last train will leave in a few hours. We have a chance to send out a mail by it—perhaps the last opportunity we will have for the next two months. To-morrow the work of destroying the railroad will commence.
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Nov 13th
The 1st Mich. Engineers commenced tearing up the track near our camp this morning.
The rails are first pried loose, then the ties are piled in abutments (4 each way) and about 20 in a pile. The rails are then laid across the top, and fires built. When the fires become hot, the rails bend to the ground of their own weight, thus rendering them unfit for further use until they have "gone through the mill" again. The engineers had a
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contrivance for twisting the rails, by fastening a grapple at each end and twisting in opposite directions. At 4 P.M. an order came for our Corps to "deploy" along the road and commence destroying. We went out toward the river 3 miles and worked until 9 P.M. Our regiment tore up and burnt nearly a mile of the "cracker line". No more communication with the north now. No more letters from home. We shall be on the march pretty soon if there's anything in signs.
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Nov 14th The work of destroying the city has begun, and here and there are pillars of smoke by day and pillars of fire by night.
I do not propose to argue either for or against this policy. If the place is of great military value to our enemies, and none to us, then it certainly is not wrong in a military point of view.
Gen. Early set the example, when he applied the torch to the pretty town of Chambersburg, Penn. At 8 P.M. the orderly put his head in at our door and said "Reveille at 4.30 to-morrow morning, and march at 5.30".
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Nov. 15th Were up and had breakfast early. Formed our line at 5.30. Some of the boys fired their shanties, and the fire spread so rapidly that by the time we left the whole camp was ablaze, throwing a lurid light all around. Marched thro' the city and out on the Decatur road. Our regt now numbers about 550 men and we are well prepared for a campaign. The 14th, 15th 17th and 20th Corps form the expedition. Halted for dinner a short distance east of Decatur. Marched to Stone Mt. where we camped for the night. (Dist. 18 miles) Found some forage by the way, such as corn blades, corn & sweet potatoes. Persimmons are plenty along the road and they are excellent at this season of the year. Camped near Stone Mountain.
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Nov. 16
Our Brigade was on picket last night, and we expected to get an early start this morning. We got breakfast early and packed up. Then we lay hour after hour by the side of the road while the whole of the other two divisions passed by with their trains. It was 4 P.M. before our time came to march and then we marched until nearly 12 at night, stopping at 8 an hour for supper. The moon was bright, and we got along very well. The 3rd Brig. destroyed the railroad for several miles.
Forage is found in considerable quantities. We are on the direct route to Augusta distant from Atlanta 170 miles (Distance marched 10 miles)
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Nov 17 Were on the road again early and passed through a rolling, hilly country very little of which was cleared and under cultivation. Foraging has commenced in good earnest and fresh pork and sweet potatoes form the chief articles of diet. Camped for the night near Covington. Nov. 18th
Got into camp at a late hour last night, and were out at an early hour this morning. We are on the direct route to Augusta. We are marching pretty rapidly, and the mules and men are getting
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somewhat fatigued. Geary's Division is in the advance. Stopped for dinner at the village called "Social Circle", a place that contained 200 inhabitants when the "white folks" were at home, but they dug out when they heard the "Yanks" were coming and left Sambo and Dinah to keep house. Our boys appropriate everything they want in the eating line, "Subsist on the country" is their motto and one which we are obliged to adopt. Crossed the head waters of the Ocmulgee toward night. There was a large flouring mill where we crossed and the miller was the only able bodied white man about.
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Nov. 19th Camped half way between Rutledge & Madison last night. Got into camp about 9 P.M. Started on the march this morning at 7 o'clock and after marching a couple of hours came to the town of Madison which is the prettiest town I have seen anywhere in Georgia. It is in the center of Morgan Co. and the citizens are mostly very wealthy. Found plenty of forage for the teams and men. Heard the news of the election in the north. Lincoln received 192 out of the 226 electoral votes. Considerable cotton
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was burnt along the route to-day. Went into camp at 2 P.M. to stay 'till the next morning. Found plenty of corn & sweet-potatoes all along the way. This is about the richest section of Georgia in agricultural products. The soil is rich-looking, and easy to till. The timber is of thrifty growth and consists principally of oak and pine.
After reaching Madison we left the Augusta Road and took the direct route to Milledgeville, the state capital,—distant from Madison 38 miles. It is supposed that we will make a junction with the other corps at that point.
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Nov. 20
Out at daylight and cooked our morning meal of sweet potatoes and pork, etc. About 8 we got on the road and marched a few miles when we came to a stream which delayed us several hours. Finally we crossed over and continued on our way until late at night when we camped for a few hours sleep and rest. The roads have been bad all day and the rain which is falling makes them worse every hour. We have not got along very fast to-day.
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Nov 21st Toiling along all day through the mud—now and then pushing a wagon up-hill, or prying it out of a slough.
Last night was a rainy night and the soil is well soaked. Every wagon that passes over the road makes the ruts deeper. Our teams have all they can do to get the trains along.
Passed thro' Eatonton about noon. There is a railroad from this place to Gordon, on the Macon & Savannah Road. Got into camp at 7 and it stopped raining and the wind got around in the north and blew cold.
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Nov 22 Passed through Milledgeville, the capital of Georgia at 2 P.M. There were a few flakes of snow flying this morning. The wind was bitter cold, and the clouds looked gloomy and leaden colored. Our brigade took the advance and was the first to enter the capital. Crossed the Oconee River at 9 A.M.
Milledgeville is a moderate sized town, handsomely situated among the hills of Central Georgia with a productive country around it. Camped two miles south across the river
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Nov. 23rd
In camp resting and waiting for the 14th Corps to join us, as they came by another route and are a day behind. That and the 20 Corps form the "Left Wing Army of Georgia".
I was sent out with a detail for forage this afternoon. We went out 6 miles, taking an army wagon along. Returned to camp by 9 P.M. with a wagon full of sheep, hogs, flour & meal. Just before going to sleep the sergeant-major came around giving out the order that we were to march at 6 next morning.
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Thanksgiving Day
Nov 24th According to order we fell in at 6—leaving a half finished breakfast, much to our regret. Marched out on the road a short distance and waited an hour for the wagon train. The morning was cold, and the ground frozen so that the muskets would ring when "ordered". We took the road leading east and passed through a splendid section of country for soil—well watered and timbered. The pines were tall and straight, and we noticed that most of them had been tapped for turpentine. Gen Sherman & staff passed us at noon. Camped at 4 P.M.
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Nov 25 Moved at 6 and marched a few miles when we came to a burnt bridge which detained us several hours. While the pioneers were rebuilding the bridge we parked our trains and had a good rest.
We are now in the vicinity of the Mason & Savannah Railroad. Our cavalry had a smart skirmish with some of Wheeler's cavalry this afternoon a mile in advance of our column. Our boys made a gallant charge and swept everything before them. Camped at 5 and found plenty of forage nearby and wood and water.
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Nov. 26 We were out earlier than usual this morning, and proceeded two or three miles, when our advance guard came upon the enemy. Our brigade, which had the advance was deployed to the right and left in the fields and woods, and advanced. We skirmished all the way to Sandersville and got in town before the 14th Corps. It is a small town a few miles north from the M.&S.R.R. At 2 P.M. we marched down to Tenille Station burnt the depot and destroyed several miles of track. Tenille is 134 miles from Savannah.
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Nov 27 Left camp at Tenille at the usual hour. (Was on picket last night) We passed through a good section of country along south of the railroad. There were extensive forests of pine, and here and there a plantation with its broad acres stretching away on either side. Corn & sweet potatoes abound, and the army was never better fed. Reached Davisboro at 4 P.M. and went into camp in a 500 acre field. The weather is growing warmer and the vegetation has a different appearance.
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Nov. 28
At 7 our brigade was deployed on the track and we began destroying it in the direction of Spiers' Station, moving along as our work was completed. The road runs through a cypress swamp 5 or 6 miles.
Arrived at Spiers at 6, having torn up 11 miles of track. The country is low and level, and in some parts very swampy. We noticed some palmetto trees along our route, also palms & live oaks. Spiers is a place of twenty or thirty dwelling houses—depot buildings &c.
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Nov. 29th
Left Spiers at 7, and went to burning the railroad between that place and Bostwick. The country continues low and marshy, and the water is very unwholesome to drink. Corn, cotton, and sweet potatoes are the principal products.
At sundown we left the railroad and marched north 3 miles through the smoky pine woods 3 miles, where we camped for the night. A valuable lot of timber was destroyed which was got out for railroad bridges.
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Nov 30th
Marched from our camp northwest, until we came to the main wagon road near Louisville where where we found the wagon trains parked in an extensive field. The 14th & 20th Corps are now here and their camp fires extend as far as you can see. Marched 10 miles today and passed some good plantations where rice was cultivated—the first we have seen. We are now less than 100 miles from Savannah and can go through in 60 days (without interruption).
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Dec 1st The second Division is in the advance and we are next. We are marching cautiously now as there is a cavalry force on our left flank trying to retard our movements and bother our trains by burning bridges and felling trees across the road. Had a tedious march to day, and did not get into camp until half past ten and by the time we got our supper and got to bed it was midnight. The weather is warm and we sleep in the open air without a tent. Millen is the next town ahead.
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Dec 2nd Marched at 8 for Millen, where there is said to be a force of the enemy intrenched, estimated at 11,000. (Distance 18 miles) When within 11 miles of Millen we took a road leading off to the north of that place a few miles. Tomorrow we shall strike the Augusta Road. Marched until 7, the last two miles of our days march being through a swamp. Forage is plenty of all kinds.
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Dec 3rd Crossed the Augusta and Savannah R. Road a few miles to the left of Millen, about noon. Marched 14 miles across a level country much of which was pine woods. The trees are tall and straight and stand close to each other. The soil is a sandy loam. We have numerous streams to cross, which occasion considerable delay, and much "cussin" among the mule drivers. As yet we have not met any considerable force of the enemy. Our cavalry has an occasional brush with guerilla bands that hover around our flanks. We lose some men who straggle off and are picked up.
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Dec. 4th Went out with a foraging detail and we filled 3 wagons with potatoes and meat. We got into camp by 7. The camp was in a fine grove of pines with water convenient and plenty of fat pine knots lying around which make splendid camp fires. Our brigade was in the advance to-day and consequently got into camp at an early hour. Savannah is 57 miles distant. Heard artillery firing off to the left about noon—supposed to be in front of the 14th Corps. I am 28 yrs of age to-day.
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Dec. 5
Rested all day and until an hour after sundown, when we fell in and marched 3 miles. The object of this stop was to allow the other two divisions to pass by as we had been in the advance for 3 days.
Contrabands are following our army in large numbers, and the farther we move toward our destination the number increases proportionately. Old men, women, and small children, many of them not old enough to walk are following us day after day. Most of the able bodied
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Dec 6
contrabands have got situations as cooks or servants or are employed in the pioneer corps bridging the numerous sloughs and swamps with "corduroy". The country wears the same monotonous appearance day after day as we journey through it. Large forests of pine with an occasional live oak interspersed—dark and gloomy cypress swamps into the depths of which no man dare venture & here and there a plantation,—these are the general features in this section.
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Dec 7th
The men are in first rate health and spirits, although we have marched severely for the last 25 days. This is accounted for by the vegetable diet we have been living on since leaving Atlanta. Also the general plenty of everything which the country affords.
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Dec 9th
Met with some opposition to day from a fort situated so as to command the main road. We took the fort without losing a man capturing a caisson and 3 prisoners. We had to march for a long ways through a rice swamp, the water being from 3 inches to a foot in depth. The fort was garrisoned by Major Stevens' Battallion of Heavy Artillery 300 strong.
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Dec 10
I am sick to day and felt unwell all day yesterday. We are 5 miles from Savannah and have crossed the Savannah and Charleston Railroad. The enemy are intrenched a few miles ahead, and we shall undoubtedly meet with strong opposition. There are several swamps in the way too which make good fortifications. We cannot get a good position for artillery in these swamps and marshes. Our left is resting on the river a little distance from the bridge.
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Dec. 11
Lay in camp all day
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Dec. 12th
Moved ahead half a mile nearer the city
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Dec 13th Built Breastworks. Feel chilly again to-day. Went to Dr Campbell and got some more quinine for my chills and fever. Sergeant Sweezey was wounded in the left leg this afternoon while on the skirmish line. Dr Campbell thinks that the bone is fractured to such an extent as to render amputation necessary. The wound is above the knee. The enemy are using considerable artillery but without much damage to us or profit to themselves—A waste of ammunition.
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Dec 14th
Yesterday, the 2nd Div. 15th Corps assaulted and carried Fort McAllister situated a few miles below the city on the Ogeechee thus opening communications with the army of Gen. Foster and our fleet in the Savannah River.
This is glorious news to us, for we are now subsisting on very scanty rations. These are the hardest times we have ever seen, for something to eat, but we are looking for better times presently. Fort McAllister is at or near the mouth of the Ogeechee River.
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Dec. 15th
I have been busy all day threshing rice and pounding the hulls off it.
It is a slow and tedious process, but I managed to get about 20 pounds of it—enough to stave off the "starvation point" for some time.
There are vast rice swamps all round here and when we arrived here very little of the crop had been threshed. It was stacked on the plantations. Every available mill within our lines was put into
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Dec. 16
operation to prepare it for use. The hull clings very closely to the berry but we manage to separate them when necessity compels. This morning we crossed over on the island 4 miles up the river from Savannah, for the purpose of holding the island and working a rice mill. The island is serveral thousand acres in extent and is all laid out in rice fields with dikes, canals, and flood-gates for overflowing the fields. Shortly after we arrived at the mill a gun opened on us from the South Carolina shore, with shell, but did not do much execution.
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Dec 17th
Had orders to move at 4 A.M., but the order was countermanded at half past 3. It is a very foggy morning and the weather is warm.
Col Ketcham returned to us to-day. We were very glad to see him and he was glad to see us. He was elected congressman from the 12th District of New York State by a majority of 1,000 over his opponent,—Judge Nelson who was elected to the same place two years ago by 1200 maj. This is a change of some importance.
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Dec 18th
Yesterday we received a mail, a large one too. It is the first one we have got for the last 40 days (and nights). Heard from home, and to day we are writing home so that our friends may know where we are and what we are doing. A mail will be sent out to day at noon. The enemy sent us a few shells this afternoon, "nobody hurt". Weather splendid and warm. I am having a slight touch of ague and fever these days "more quinine".
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Dec 19th
At 5.30 A.M. we fell in and marched up to the mill to occupy the position left vacant by the 3rd Wis, 13th N.J. & 2nd Mass who crossed over to the S.C. shore early this morning under cover of the fog and took posession of the position which the enemy were occupying.
At 4 P.M. we crossed over in the flatboats to support the other regiments. 4 companies were left at the mill to hold the landing. We occupied the breastworks during the night. Two pieces of artillery were got across after dark and put in position.
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Dec 20th
Early in the morning our regt was sent out on a reconnoisance on the right flank we advanced nearly a mile and then Co. H was deployed as skirmishers. After advancing a little distance they found the enemy in large force and were fired on. Noah Wixon was killed the ball going through his neck. At noon we were relieved by the 13th and came back to the landing. The gunboat commenced shelling us at 4 and Wm Palmatier, Co. C lost a leg. Co. C was stationed at the other mill. The shore of South Carolina is here, a vast rice swamp.
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Dec 21st Crossed over to the island at 6 A.M. I think we shall evacuate this place and fall back to the Georgia shore. There is a rumor this morning that Savannah is taken, but we can't believe it, at least not yet. Palmatier died from the effects of his wound last night. At 9 A.M. our regiment was sent to cover the retreat of our brigade from the South Carolina Shore. We took position on a part of the island nearby. As soon as our pickets were drawn in the enemy's skirmishers advanced and bullets began to whistle freely. Col. Ketcham was wounded in the leg & Schultz of Co D in the head.
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Dec 22 Our forces were all got over to the island last night without losing a man killed and only 4 or five wounded. Last night we bivouacked in a rice swamp and the wind was high and bitter cold. Wood was very scarce too and altogether we passed a cold, uncomfortable night. The tide is out this morning, and the strong northwest wind has blown the water nearly out of the river, so that our flat boats will not carry us across to Georgia. Savannah is taken the news is confirmed! Crossed to the Georgia Shore at 1 P.M. and marched to within 3 miles of the city and camped.
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Dec 23rd
Received orders this morning to secure boards and bricks sufficient to build ourselves winter quarters, and every available board within our "reach" is being confiscated.
We have orders to build our houses 8 x 10 and 5 feet high at the sides. There is a large brick yard nearby and it is well filled with brick. The enemy left a large amount of artillery here, over 100 pieces I am told, of all sizes from the 6 pd. howitzer up to the 100 pd. rifle. The most of it is unspiked, and standing just where they left it.
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Dec 24
King and I got up at day-break and went up the river two miles for lumber. Found a lot of it made a raft and floated down to our camp, which is close by the river. We have lumber and bricks plenty now, and in a day or two our house will be completed. The campaign which has just closed has been a well planned, and a well executed one also. In its effects it has damaged the Confederacy to an irreparable extent. It has virtually severed the Gulf states from those on the Atlantic.
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Dec 25th Sunday,
Christmas 1864
I am on picket to day a mile up the river from our camp. The church bells of Savannah are ringing, and their notes call up the memories of past Christmases, "when I was a boy". "I would I were a boy again". Not many of the citizens have left this city, and I suppose they are holding the day in the customary manner—that is, if they have not ignored the anniversary as they have the 4th of July and 22nd of February &c. Savannah is a city of 40,000 population.
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Dec 26th
Finished our house, and put up the chimney. It is a nasty rainy day. Most of the boys have got their quarters completed.
Dec 27th
This morning King, Dubois, and the two Florences got into a "dug-out" about 15 feet long and after going up the river a couple of miles crossed over to the S.C. shore to get some forage. They got a boat load of corn, rice, potatoes, turnips &c. and were just shoving their boat from the shore, when
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they were discovered by a company of rebels. The boys had got about 40 rods from shore, when they were fired upon and ordered to surrender. They couldn't see that and kept rowing ahead for life, amidst a shower of bullets. King was wounded in the leg, and the boat had 12 or 15 bulletholes in it. They finally reached the island and secreted themselves in the bushes. There were about 40 of the enemy firing at them, and Dubois reckons that there were 200 shots fired at the boat. It is a wonder
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that they escaped so luckily as they did. King's wound is not dangerous though somewhat painful.
Dec 28th
Went down to the city this morning on a pass for six hours. The first place I went to was our division hospital, where I saw King and Swezey of my company. King was doing well and the ball was extracted last night while he was under the influence of chloroform. Swezey is getting along remarkably well and is in good spirits
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cheerful and apparently contented. He will recover. There are not many sick and wounded in the hospitals. Col Ketcham is getting along as well as could be expected.
Savannah is quite a city, there are many fine residences and some fine public buildings. It stands on a bluff above the reach of high water and tides.
The citizens held a meeting to consider what it was best to do under existing circumstances. One paper has already been started by our men,
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called The "Savannah Daily Loyal Georgian".
Dec 29th The 17th Corps was reviewed to-day by Gen Sherman. The weather is cool and windy.
Dec 30th The 20th Corps is being reviewed this day in the streets of Savannah. The citizens are all out to see the military sights and I may say without being guilty of self praise, that the Old 20th makes a fine appearance.
Dec 31st went on fatigue duty downtown. We are constructing new forts. Our Division has moved their camp.
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Jan. 1st 1865.
Yesterday the 2nd Div. attempted to cross the river opposite the city but could not lay their pontoons on account of the heavy wind which was blowing all day. We have had no chance to "hold the new years day" this year. We have to finish our quarters to make ourselves comfortable for the weather is far from what it should be in the "Sunny South". In fact it is cold and there is ice and frost in the morning. The 2nd Div returned at night to their old camp.
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Jan 2nd
Was on camp guard last night, and have been busy to day helping Lieut. Sleight put up quarters. The weather has moderated somewhat. The 2nd Div crossed over to South Carolina to-day. Jan 3rd Went up the river 9 miles in a boat along with three of our company to get some forage for Lieut. Sleight's mule. Saw no signs of any Johnnies by the way and returned to camp at 3 P.M.
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Jan 4th We have now settled down into the dull routine of camp life. It is said we will start on another campaign soon, and clothing will shortly be issued to us. The 17th Corps is going to Hilton Head.
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Jan 5th in camp
Jan 6 - -
" 7 Drew clothing
Jan 8 Had an attack of chills and fever quite severe.
Jan 9th Made a pair of crutches for Corp. King
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Jan. 17
Nothing of importance has occurred worthy of noting down in these pages up 'till this morning Jan. 17th, when we received orders to move. We crossed the Savannah opposite the city at 10 A.M., on scows laid as pontoons. The country for 5 or 6 miles was level and laid out in rice plantations. The spires of Savannah faded away from our sight in the hazy atmosphere, as we passed on northward. Marched 8 or 9 miles and camped where the 3rd Div had been camped. Was at the hospital last evening, saw King & Swezey. They will get furloughs soon. Sergt Swezey's father has arrived in town.
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Jan. 18th
Prepared for a general inspection in the forenoon, to take place at 1 P.M. We had just got into line when an order came for us to march within 15 minutes. Advanced 6 or 7 miles and camped near Hardeeville on the Savannah & Charleston R.R. Weather fine. The 3rd Div is in advance. Our regt is now commanded by Lieut. Col. Smith, just promoted from major. Col. Ketcham is on his way home aboard of the mail steamer. The obstructions are removed below Savannah, and transports come up laden with supplies.
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Jan. 19th
Marched at 8.30 A.M. and passed through Hardeeville about noon. This is a village of 40 or 50 houses situated on the C.&S.R.R. Found a part of the 3rd Div in camp here. The clouds which had looked threatening for several hours began to drop the rain upon us—slowly, at first but gradually increasing, so that by the time we encamped we were thoroughly saturated. The camp was close by the river. Towards dark a gunboat, the "Sonoma" and a supply boat came up and anchored opposite our camp.
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Jan 20th
We are to remain here several days we are told. Last night we received the news of the capture of Fort Fisher, which is the key to the port of Wilmington. 1,780 prisoners and 70 pieces of artillery are among the captured.
The rain still continues to fall, and the lowlands are flooded all about us. Wood is scarce, near camp, so that it occupies a good share of our time in keeping up our camp fires.
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Jan 21st The clouds broke away in the afternoon, showing the blue sky once more. We remained in camp until the 26th when we received orders to pack up at 10 A.M.
Jan 26th Marched 6 or 7 miles up the river, in the direction of Sisters Ferry. The roads are obstructed by fallen trees and our progress is necessarily slow. The weather is clear and cold. Jan 28th
On the road again, early in the frosty morning, and advanced toward the Ferry. The country is level, with very few
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plantations. It reminds us of some of the poorer sections of Georgia. Camped 6 miles from the Ferry and near a place called Robertsville. Marched 17 miles.
Jan 29th
Started for Robertsville at 8 and found some of the enemy there and had a skirmish of an hour or two, when they left, and we camped in the level open fields about the village. The weather is fine. We shall probably remain here several days. Forage is becoming plenty.
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Feb 2nd
Remained at Robertsville until to day at 9 A.M. Foraging parties have been sent out occasionally since we started on this campaign, and they have generally met with good success. Two men of our regiment were wounded on these expeditions. The 20th Corps marched out on the Charleston Road this morning. Feb 3rd, 4th and 5th we have been marching along toward Augusta parallel with the river which is our base of supplies. We have met very little opposition.
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and the march resembles our campaign in Georgia very much. Feb 6th
We are on the road to Branchville, and will strike the railroad between that place and Augusta to morrow.
Feb 7th
Came to the Railroad a few miles east of Graham's Turnout at 4 P.M., and camped on the north side of the track. Forage is plenty. Feb 8th
We were at work early this morning, tearing up and burning the road toward Augusta which is 55 miles distant.
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Feb. 9th
Engaged at the same work we were at yesterday. Passed through Blackville afternoon. The weather is cold, windy, and unpleasant.
Feb. 10th
Still destroying railroad. Sergt. Smith returned to our company to day, having been at the hospital about 3 months.
Feb 11th
Left the railroad and marched across the country toward Columbia. We are subsisting on what forage the country affords, and so
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far we have found plenty both for men and animals. Parties are sent out daily—one company from each regiment in the brigade constitutes the forage party, and each brigade sends a party.
The country for miles on either flank of the main column is scoured and the forage brought into camp in wagons.
Feb 12th
"Marching along" toward Columbia. The 2nd Division had a skirmish this afternoon at a swamp. One man killed and 5 or 6 wounded.
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Feb 13th
The weather is cold and disagreeable with signs of rain. We are within 20 miles of Columbia.
Feb 14th
Left the Columbia road and marched toward Lexington C.H. This is a poor section we are passing through. The soil is very light and sandy and the timber of a stunted growth. Water is scarce.
Feb 15th
Camped 3 miles from Lexington. We have passed through a miserably poor section of country to day.
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It is what the people call the "pine barrens".
Feb 16th
Arrived in front of Columbia at noon and went into camp. The right wing has commenced operations against the place. Weather splendid.
Feb 17th
Columbia was taken by the 15th Corps at 11 A.M. to day.
Feb 18
Lay in camp 'till near night and crossed the Saluda River after dark
Feb 19th
The Left Wing now lies between the Saluda & Broad Rivers waiting
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for the pontoons to be laid
Feb 20th Crossed the Broad River early, as our brigade had the advance. The country is good on the north side of the river. Cornfields are extensive.
Feb 21
Marched thro' Winnsboro afternoon. This has been a flourishing inland town. The surface of the country is broken.
Feb 22nd
Marched 18 miles in a northeasterly direction and went into camp on the right bank of the Wateree.
Feb 23
Crossed the Wateree at
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an early hour, marched 5 miles and camped, to wait for the wagon train to cross.
Feb 24th Marched a few miles and camped when a heavy rain storm came on. Feb 25th.
Still raining, and our trains cannot move. We lie in camp. Feb 26th
The rain stopped at noon. At 7 P.M. our brigade marched. The roads are extremely bad and we are obliged to corduroy them as far as we advance. Marched 6 miles.
Feb 27th On the road at 7. Crossed a considerable stream after marching a few miles. There
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is a natural curiosity here—an egg-shaped rock, of several thousand tons weight, standing balanced on a very small base. Feb. 28th
Commenced raining again last night, making the road very bad. We are marching on the road to Chesterfield C.H.
March 1st
On the route early. Arrived in Chesterfield after skirmishing an hour or two with the enemy, who finally left in disgust.
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March 3rd
Lay in camp near town until 3 P.M. and started on the road to Cheraw where the enemy is supposed to be in force. After marching a few miles changed our course as Cheraw was "taken" by the right wing. Cheraw is 12 miles from Chesterfield C.H. March 4th
President Lincoln is again inaugurated, we expect. Our division remained in camp until noon, and then marched in a northerly course, crossing the N.C. State line at dark. I was detailed with the pioneers, and we were busy making "corduroy" until midnight.
March 5th
Remained in camp all day 3 miles from the Peedee
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River. The 14th Corps is crossing. Our foragers returned to camp at 9 P.M. loaded with meat. The weather is fine, and a north wind is drying up the mud rapidly.
March 6th
Took the road to Cheraw at 7½ A.M. and arrived there at two P.M. Cheraw is (or rather has been) a pretty town of 1,500 pop. situated on a bluff near the Great Peedee. Our Div crossed after dark on the pontoon used by the right wing. Marched 'till 1 o'clock A.M. Country level and sandy. Weather dry and cool.
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March 7 Took the road to Fayetteville—starting at 6½. Fayetteville is 50m. distant, situated on the Cape Fear River. We shall probably find a base there. Made 16 miles to-day.
March 8th
The morning broke cloudy and misty, growing into a rain-storm at 8 o'clock. Sherman's Army don't stop for rain however, and we plodded on through the great, gloomy pine forests and deepening mud, along with the wagon train. The woods echoed with the crackings of whips, and every oath found in the mule driver's vocabulary.
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Reached camp at 8 P.M. tired, wet, and hungry. A good big fire of "fat pine" & a supper of fried ham, coffee sweet-potatoes, & slapjacks put new life into us & made us forget the past hardships. March 9th
Still raining, and we are again on the march. The road is so bad that we are obliged to corduroy the most of it. Am wet thro' and have been over knee deep in the mud. Our progress is necessarily very slow.
March 10th
A repetition of yesterday until 3 P.M. when the clouds broke away, and the sun came out brightly.
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March 11th The road is growing better very fast. Leaving the train, we set out for Fayetteville, 22 miles distant, reaching there at 9 P.M. Fayetteville is 65m. above Wilmington, on the Cape Fear River, a town of considerable importance. We expected a fight here but on our arrival found no enemy to meet us.
March 12th
In camp. Our gunboats came up this morning. We have been writing home—an opportunity we have not had before for nearly two months.
March 13th
Broke camp at noon, crossed the
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Cape Fear River on pontoons—the bridge being burned by the enemy. Fayetteville is a pleasant town at the head of navigation and before the war, was a prosperous place. Camped 4 miles east of the river.
March 14th
In camp. Our foragers went out early, and secured a mill, which they put in operation to furnish us with meal and flour. We have 50 foragers, belonging to our regt well armed and mounted. So far, they have supplied us with rations.
March 15th We are on the Raleigh Road. Rain commenced falling at noon and the afternoon was showery. The
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enemy is entrenched a few miles ahead. Camped at 4 P.M. At 8 our brigade was ordered up to support Kilpatrick, who was close to the rebel works. Mud is very deep, making the road almost impassable. Midnight was past when we arrived at Kilpatrick's lines.
March 16th
Our Brigade was in line of battle at 6 in the morning, and advancing with cavalry on each flank. We had not advanced more than ½ mile before we came to the enemy's skirmish line and the firing commenced. As our troops came up, they deployed
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to the right and left of the main road, and the battle opened with vigor. Considerable artillery was used on both sides. About noon we flanked them on the right driving them out of their first line of works and capturing nearly 200 prisoners.
At 3 P.M. while we were advancing our lines Lieut. Sleight was mortally wounded—dying within an hour. He was a good officer, a true friend, and well liked by the whole regiment. Company I mourns his loss—a loss which they cannot replace. Lost in our regiment, 3 killed & 16 wounded. The enemy retreated during the night.
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March 17th The army advanced in the morning toward Goldsboro. I was detailed by Col. Smith to go back to the hospital along with Capt. Coggswell and make a coffin for the Lieutenant's body. At noon we buried it in a garden near the house used as a hospital.
The breeze signed mournfully through the pines as we laid him in his last resting place far away from the home of his youth.
March 18th
On the road to Goldsboro. Our advance is slow, as we are obliged to corduroy the road for the trains to pass over.
March 19th
Started at 6 A.M. with the 14th Corps in
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advance of ours. We heard cannonading about noon, several miles ahead and as we hurried up to the scene of the conflict we heard musketry firing, growing louder and sharper every moment. The 14th Corps was engaged and hotly pressed by superior numbers. The 20th arrived just in time to save them from being outflanked. The enemy made several charges on our lines but were repulsed every time with heavy loss. It was a hot time, and the fighting lasted until dark.
March 20th
Our army has been
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shifting position,—reconnoitering, and constructing works all day. The left wing of the regt. (which includes Co. I) was skirmishing this afternoon. No heavy fighting has been done. Drew rations of coffee and hardtack at night. March 21st
Rainy. The left wing has not changed position to-day. Some fighting has been going on to the right. We hold posession of a bridge across the Neuse River and our trains are passing around to the rear of the right. Goldsboro is in our posession. Toward night the enemy made two or three dashes
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on the picket lines in our front, but our skirmishers held their own. The enemy retreated during the night and our way is now open to Goldsboro and a Base.
Arrived at Goldsboro March 24th and the campaign is ended. Built log cabins 7 x 11 and made our selves as comfortable as possible. Clothing and rations is coming up from Kinston as fast as the trains can bring it. I don't think we will remain here longer than is necessary to refit and then we are off on another campaign. The usual routine of camp life is all that takes
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place now,—parades drills, reviews, and inspections are the order of the day. We expect to be paid off before we leave this place.
April 6th Rec'd. news from Grant and the recent active operations around Petersburg and Richmond. The news is very favorable. Richmond is captured!—the glorious news is confirmed and the nation rejoices.
April 10th
Started on a campaign, leaving camp at daylight. Marched out on the Raleigh road. About noon came upon two regts of Hampton's cavalry posted in a strong po
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sition with a swamp on each flank. Had some bother in routing them, and lost 5 or 6 men.
[margin] 14 miles
April 11th Crossed the Neuse at Smithfield while the right wing crossed above. Met with no opposition and made a good march. Johnston's army is falling back on Raleigh where he will probably make a stand.
April 12th
Warm weather, marched 15 miles. An official despatch was read to us this morning stating that Lee had surrendered his army to Grant. This wants confirmation, and we hope it may get it.
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April 13th
Marched into Raleigh (at noon) with "colors flying, and bands playing" etc. etc. &c "with the pomp and circumstance of war". Johnston concluded not to fight at Releigh, and retreated on the road to Greensboro 70 miles west. Weather good for military operations. For the last two days we have been marching thro' a rolling country, well wooded and watered. Camped at 3 P.M. on the west side of the city. April 14th 1865
Laus Deo! The glo
rious news is confirmed. The Army of Northern Virginia has surrendered to Grant. The terms
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are as follows—
Officers are to retain their side arms and personal baggage, giving their parole not to take up arms against the U.S. until properly exchanged.
Descriptive rolls in duplicate, to be furnished for all the enlisted men. they will be paroled and at liberty to return to their homes, immediately. The artillery and trains to be parked and small arms stacked and delivered to U.S. Grant. Negotiations are said to be going on between
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Sherman & Johnston with a view to the surrender of the forces of the latter.
April 18th
President Lincoln was assassinated in Washington City on the 14th inst. while seated in his box at the theatre, by a person who uttered the state motto of Virginia "Sic Semper Tyrannis"—(Thus be it ever done to tyrants). The President lingered until the following morning at 10 A.M. May the direst vengeance of a just God overtake the cowardly assassin and all his aiders & sympathizers. At the same time Secy Seward was stabbed at his residence
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while suffering from a broken arm. Seward's son was also stabbed and it is supposed fatally. The whole country is in mourning. Thank God, our President lived long enough to see & know that the rebellion was crushed and Peace was dawning o'er the land.
Andrew Johnson thus becomes president and may he carry out Lincoln's policy to the letter.
April 25th
Johnston has not surrendered yet, and this morning early the army prepared to "move on his works". Johnston wanted to send his
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men home armed and have the arms deposited in their respective state arsenals. Sherman couldn't see any such arrangement as that and made preparations to compel him to deliver up arms and ammunition, trains, artillery etc. After deliberating on the subject a day or two Johnston concluded to "give up" and the terms of capitulation were drawn up & signed. They are similar to those granted to Gen. Lee.
The 20th Corps moved 15 miles west from Raleigh and returned on the 28th. So the last rebel army has surrendered and the "war is over". We are going home very soon.
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April 30th, 1865.
"Homeward Bound"!!
At early daylight we took up our line of march for HOME via Richmond & Washington City. It is toward 300 miles to Washington, and will take the best part of a month to do the distance. The weather is splendid, the woods are in full leaf. The army is in high spirits at the prospect of so soon arriving at their homes, from which they have been absent so long. To-night we are 15 miles "nearer home" camped in the woods, and mustered for two months pay. Crossed the Neuse at noon.
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May First
At 7 commenced on the home-stretch again. The air is cool and invigorating, and nature is arrayed in its brightest green. Everything seems happy and joyful—even the birds sing in sweeter strains since "The cruel War is over". We meet many of Lee's disbanded & paroled men, who have returned home to resume peaceful avocations. This is a fine country. We are out of the piney lowlands and into the rolling section of N.C. The forests are principally oak & hickory.
May 2nd Crossed Tar River in the morning early. The roads are very good and the weather continues
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pleasant. We shall cross the state line to morrow. The crops look finely. Corn is large enough to hoe and wheat is heading out. Peach and apple orchards are numerous and extensive. To night we camped 55 miles from Raleigh.
May 3rd "Marching along" with clear blue skies over us and fresh northerly breezes stimulating us.
Came to the State line about noon and, as the bands were crossing, the band struck up "Carry me back to Old Virginny" and "Wait for the Wagon".
Crossed the Roanoke by moonlight on a pontoon 1140 feet in length—current rapid.
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May 4th "On to Richmond" Marched 23 miles through a rolling, wooded country, poorly watered, the soil & sub-soil being red and clayey. Tobacco plantations were passed now and then. Many of the "F.F.V.'s" were standing by the wayside, seemingly deeply interested spectators of the "Yankee" column. Some of them brought buckets and tubsfull of water for us to drink. Crossed the Meherrin River just before sundown and camped near the north bank. Prospects of rain. (Made 23 miles)
May 5th A slight fall of rain last night laid the dust and the marching is very agreeable. The clouds lifted about 9 and the sun
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came out warm as we struck the Boydton Plank road. Water very scarce. Halted for dinner by the side of a pond near a plantation. Made 17 miles and reached the south bank of the Nottoway River.
May 6th Crossed the Nottoway—a small stream here (about two rods wide in dry weather). The day is sultry and the dust is very disagreeable. Arrived at Black & White Station on the South Side R.R. at noon. A portion of the 6th Corps is encamped along the road. Here we begin to see the effects of war in Virginia. Petersburg is 36 miles distant.
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May 7th Made 23 miles and crossed the Appomattox River about noon. The country is more open than that we have been passing through, and wheat & corn looks very well. Camped 25 miles from Richmond. The 3rd Div. is in advance, ours in the center and the 2nd in the rear.
May 8th Passed Clover Hill Coal Mines in the morning. The main shaft is 1000 feet in depth. Camped 7 miles from Richmond. We expect transportation from here to Washington, via City Point.
May 9th Moved 4 miles nearer the city and went into camp in the woods.
May 11th Marched in review through Richmond.
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Passed Castle Thunder, Libby Prison, Washington Monument, &c. and camped 5 miles north on the Fred-bg Pike. May 12th Crossed South Anna River and camped 21 miles from Richmond. A heavy thunder shower last night has made the road very muddy. May 13th On the march at 5 A.M. weather cool. To night we are 42 miles north of Richmond. May 14 Crossed North Anna River. marched 20 miles and camped near the battle ground of Spotsylvania C.H. May 15 Started at 4 A.M. and after marching two or three miles halted between the lines occupied by Grant & Lee. Hundreds of un
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buried skeletons are still lying all around thro' the fields and woods just as they fell a year ago. The woods are torn with shot & shell for miles. Came to Chancellorsville battle ground at noon and spent two hours in looking around. Camped on the south bank of the Rappahannock. May 16th Crossed the river at 8, it is here a considerable stream, navigable up to Fburg for vessels drawing 7 ft. Camped 10 miles from Catletts Station.
May 17th Camped at Brentsville near the Plains of Manassas, about sundown. (County of Prince William)
May 18 Camped 2 miles east of Fairfax Station. A thunder storm came up at dark. May 19th Marched to within two miles of Alexandria and made our camp where we expect to stay several days.
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May 24th Moved to Washington early and made a portion of the "Grand Review".
Visited Washington and the Public buildings on the 29th of May. There is much to be seen here, and it well repays the time spent in going thro' the Capitol Patent Office White House &c.
June 8th Started for home on the Baltimore and Washington R.R. Arrived in Pokeepsie at 11 PM June 10th and went home the next morning. The next day (Monday) was the Reception.
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P.C [faded]
To Corp. Dubois (shoes) 4.00
" Tailor, Co. "G" pd .50
" Corp De Long (razor) 1.00
" Capt. Titus cash 5.00
" W.H. Barton (gun 5.00
" E Hougtating (tobacco .50
" Thos O'Neil (cash 1.00
" DeLong [6] shaves @ 5cts
" T. Rogers 1 shaves
David Wheeler pr taps Pd .55
C H Smith Pd 11.00
E. C. Curtiss Pd 25.00
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Clothing drawn this year $ cts
27 Oct. 1 Flannel shirt 1.57
26 Oct. 1 pair stockings .35
Nov. 2 1 pair shoes 1.86
Jan 7.
1865 1 pair drawers 1.00
" 1 Rubber Blanket 2.55
Jan 11 1 flannel shirt 1.57
" 1 pair socks .35
" 2 prs boots (sewed) 7.70
Mar cav. Jacket 9.25
2 pr. socks 1.00
1 shirt 1.57
1 shoes
1 cap
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Price List, The Latest.
"Chicamauga" Hats 1.80
Caps .65
Cap – Cover .12
Uniform Coats 8.75
1st Sergt's Chevrons .38
" " .22
Corp. " .17
Pants 3.10
Cavalry " 4.15
Blouses Unlined 2.63
" Lined 3.25
Flannel Shirts 1.57
Knit " 1.42
Flannel Drawers 1.00
Knit " 1.10
Stockings .35
Shoes sewed 2.20
" pegged 1.86
Boots sewed 3.25
" pegged 2.87
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Great coats 8.50
Knapsack straps .11
Woolen Blankets 3.60
Rubber " 2.55
Knapsacks 2.04
Haversacks .40
Haversacks painted .67
Tent section 2.30
Canteen .50
Rubber Ponchos 3.10
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Joe Hooker
—Palmer
J. B. McPherson
D. Butterfield
J. Logan Edward L. Florence
Russell gives A. Scully his gold watch
E Houghtating sugar Josiah Budd, [?]
W Ostrum sugar
DATABASE CONTENT
| (2845) | DL0582 | Diaries |
Diary of Sergeant Platt C. Curtiss, 150th NY Infantry
Tags: Abraham Lincoln, Amputations, Andrew Johnson, Animals, Appomattox Campaign, Artillery, Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Atlanta Campaign, Battle of Chickamauga, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of the Wilderness, Braxton Bragg, Burials, Camp/Lodging, Cavalry, Chattanooga Campaign, Christmas, Clothing, Conscription/Conscripts, Copperheads, Cotton, Crops (Other), Death (Military), Defeat/Surrender, Democratic Party, Desertion/Deserters, Destruction of Land/Property, Drilling, Duty, Election of 1864, Engineering/Construction, Fall of Richmond, Fighting, Food, Foraging/Theft, Fortifications, Furloughs, George B. McClellan, Guard/Sentry Duty, Guerrilla Warfare, Guns, Happiness, High Morale, Home, Homecoming, Hospitals, Illnesses, Injuries, Joseph E. Johnston, Joseph Hooker, July 4th, Leadership (Soldiers' Perceptions of), Mail, Marching, March to the Sea, Medicine, Money, Navy, News, Newspapers, Oaths of Allegiance, Paroles/Paroled Troops, Payment, Philip Sheridan, Picket Duty, Poetry, Politics, Pride, Prisoner Exchanges, Prisoners of War, Railroads, Reading, "Rebels" (Unionist opinions of), Reinforcements, Religion, Republican Party, Resignations, Rivers, Robert E. Lee, Rumors, Sadness, School/Education, Scouting, Ships/Boats, Siege of Petersburg, Southern Unionism, Supplies, Telegraph, Thanksgiving, The Grand Review, Ulysses S. Grant, Unionism, United States Sanitary Commission, War Weariness, Weather, William T. Sherman
People - Records: 1
- (5304) [writer] ~ Curtis, Platt Charles
SOURCES
Platt C. Curtis Diary, DL0582, Nau Collection
