William Washington Wilkerson was born on August 15, 1833, in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, to Presley Wilkerson and Eliza Foster. His father was a farmer who owned $5,000 of real estate in 1850. He grew up and attended school in Tuscaloosa County, and he graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1855. He settled in Marion, Alabama, and he earned a living as a doctor. He married Sarah W. Moore on February 21, 1857, and they had at least four children: Wooten, born around 1857; William, born around 1858; Presley, born around 1861; and Walter, born around 1865.
In July 1862, he received a commission as an assistant surgeon in the 25th Louisiana Infantry. The regiment took part in the Battle of Perryville, the Battle of Stones River, the Battle of Chickamauga, and the Battle of Missionary Ridge. In March 1864, army officials assigned him to the hospital in Eufaula, Alabama.
He returned to Marion after the war and resumed his work as a doctor. He helped establish The Alabama Baptist newspaper and served as business manager for several years. He died in Marion on March 7, 1893.