[photograph]
A. D. Cady Co F 26th Iowa
Infantry detaile in 1st Iowa
Battery third Detachment
Vicksburg Miss
1863
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A. D. Cady's Book despoiled from a chest of effects captured at Jackson Mississippi May 14th 1863 and found in a tent a few steps from where the First Iowa Battery first halted on entering the city
note a coincidence—a few pages on in a list of "General Orders" or Medical Regulations for the Confederacy—written in Richmond Va March 26 '62 signed by—Geo. W. Randolph
Secretary of War—for the Confederacy
My paternal grandfather—John H. Randolph was of the Randolphs of Virginia. He was born in 1804 in Richmond Virginia, was a California "49er" in San Francisco and gold fields of that time. He was made a Colonel in the Virginia Volunteers by Andy Jackson—my aunt has the certificate. He released his slaves before civil war and went out to Iowa where with other Southerners he helped found Mt Pleasant Iowa above Keokuk. He was a leading citizen there for years, had large mercantile business, died in 1874.
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General § Orders
In order to provide more systematically and effectually for the necessities of the wounded, during and subsequent to engagements with the enemy, the following instructions are published for the guidance of all concerned.
I As soon as an affair becomes imminent, an order of the day will indicate to the different corps the exact position of the several field infirmaries, to which should be sent their respective wounded. These should be surmounted by hospital flags, and chosen when practicable in villages, farm houses, or barns without the range of projectiles—but in all cases, so that free communication may be maintained with the front which is in action, and with the rear, whence is to be derived the ambulance wagons and carts to transport the wounded to some fixed hospital in the interior, at a distance from the theater of war.
II In the organization of field infirmaries each brigade will be considered a unit, and should be supplied with its own hospital material, consisting of ambulance wagons, transportation wagons and carts, tents, stretchers, bedding, bandages, lint, medicines, instruments—the whole to be under the immediate supervision of the Senior Surgeon of Brigade.
III Whenever, in the opinion of the Medical Director, it is deemed necessary or desirable, the material of the several brigades composing a division will be coalesced, and will constitute, under the immediate charge of the Chief Surgeon of Division a division infirmary. Upon such a necessity ceasing, each brigade will re-assemble at its own head quarters
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as before, its respective ambulance equipments, which will be held in readiness to move with it, should the brigade receive marching orders
IV A detail of men—the number to be determined by the Commanding General—will be made from the line, whose duty it will be to remove the wounded from the field to the infirmaries. They will be armed only with revolvers, and will wear some distinctive badge of office, and will be provided with a suitable number of stretchers, and knapsacks containing dressings, stimulants, tourniquets &c.
V This first disposition for the battle having been made, Assistant Surgeons of Regiments, accompanied by infirmary soldiers, thus detailed will repair to the field and render such assistance to the wounded as may be necessary—at the same time directing and superintending the removal of those requiring it, as quickly as possible, on litters to the nearest infirmary.
VI Regimental Surgeons, during this time, will remain at the infirmaries of their respective brigades or divisions and attend to the wounded as they are brought in. They will operate without delay, in all cases requiring it, and will see that proper nourishment—such as coffee, tea, bread, and soups is provided in proper quantities, by the cooks in attendance. And finally they will direct and superintend the removal of the more serious cases, and those just operated upon, in spring wagons and carts summoned for that purpose from the rear to the fixed hospitals, railroad depots or steamer landing previously determined upon.
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This movement, if regularly maintained from the line of battle to the infirmaries, and thence to the hospitals, or other determined points in the rear, will obviate all confusion, and secure for the wounded prompt and speedy removal from the field.
VII The Medical Director will have general charge of field infirmaries, and will, when present in any of them, exercise immediate control. He will operate himself when he thinks proper, and decide, in consultation with the senior medical officers present, all questions involving a reasonable doubt as to whether the knife should be resorted to or not. He will see that the different officers will perform faithfully the duties allotted to them, and that the wounded receive every attention circumstances will permit. He will also, before the battle, be held responsible for the proper equipment, of regiments and brigades, in respect to hospital marerial, and will require Chief Surgeons of Divisions, when losses occur, to see that requisitions to supply deficiencies are made out by the proper officers and duly forwarded through them.
VIII In the absence of the Medical Director, Chief Surgeons of Divisions will be held responsible for the proper management of division infirmaries, or those of brigades composing the division of which he may be the presiding medical officer, and within the sphere of his control, will exercise generally the duties, in connection with division infirmaries assigned in the preceding paragraph to the Medical Director.
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IX Senior Surgeons of Brigades, when their Companies are detached from the main body of the army, or when in charge of Brigade infirmaries not under the immediate eye of Chief Surgeons of Divisions, or a Medical Director, will exercise full control over the same, in the manner assigned to Medical Directors and Chief Surgeons of Divisions in paragraphs VII and VIII. They will provide for their brigades the necessary material for field hospitals, and furnish to the soldiers detailed as nurses, full instructions concerning their duties on the field of battle. They will require Assistant Surgeons of Regiments to accompany their respective commands to the field when the fight shall have begun, and perform there in conjunction with the nurses the duty assigned to them. The battle over, they will be directed to return to the infirmaries, and aid in the operations and in the general care and removal of the wounded. As soon as possible, Senior Surgeons of brigades will require from Regimental Surgeons full return of casualties which shall be forwarded through Chief Surgeons of Divisions, to the Medical Director.
X In the event of a forward movement of the army, the battle being over, and the wounded all placed in charge of Hospital Surgeons in the rear, the different field infirmaries will break up and disperse—each brigade assembling at its own headquarters its respective material. So too, should a retreat be ordered, the tents and other hospital equipments will be placed in wagons appropriated for that purpose and retired with the baggage train in advance of the retreating army.
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Signed—S. P. Moore
Surgeon General, Confederate States Army
Confederate States of America Richmond V. Sept 10th/62
The attention of Medical Officers is called to the following orders. War department
Adjutant and Inspector General's Office Richmond
General Orders No 32
IV In accordance with the General Regulations page 284 one wagon with each Regiment in the field, will be appropriated for the transportation of hospital supplies. This wagon with the ambulance will be reserved for the especial use of the Hospital Department, and regimental commander and others are prohibited from using them for other purposes.
(Signed)
(S. Cooper)
No 61.
II In connection with paragraph IV of General orders No 32 from this office ambulances and wagons for the transportation of regimental hospital supplies are reserved for the special use of the Hospital Department. While the ambulances, wagons, trains drivers &c will be born on the returns of the they Quartermasters. They will be under the exclusive control of the Medical officers, and will not be
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interfered with by any officer except in permanent encampments, when by direction of the General commanding the wagons [not ambulances] may, if necessary, be temporarily used for local purposes.
(Signed.)
S. Cooper
The foregoing order, intended to secure the transportation of Hospital Supplies, and the reservation of Ambulances for their legitimate purpose "transportation of the sick and wounded", must be strictly enforced. The President directs that all officers, who so far disregard their duty and the dictates of humanity, as to interfere with, or appropriate the means provided for the transportation of the sick and wounded, and the supplies for their use, be reported to the Adjutant and Inspector General, for such action as the grave offence demands.
(Signed.) S. P. Moore
Surgeon General
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Circular
Confederate States of America
Surgeon Generals Office
Richmond Va. Sept 24th 1862
Medical Directors & Purveyors are herein required to cause to be made by competent Medical Officers an immediate & thorough examination of all nurses, Wardmasters, cooks, clerks & employees serving in their respective districts or departments and forward to this office without delay a report specifying the name, rank, regiment, Company & occupation of such able bodied men of the above whose places can be filled by conscripts incapacitated for active military service but accepted for other duty under requirements of Par III General orders No 58 current series.
from Adjutant & Inspector Generals Office
(Signed) S. P. Moore
Surgeon General S.C.A.
Charleston Sep 30th 1862
Sir
You will please make an immediate examination & report to this office as required by the above circular of all employees under your command therein specified.
Surg T. L. Ogier Very Respectfully
24 Regimt. S.C.V. Your Obt. Servt.
Secessionville Saml Logan OACS
James Island Chief Surgeon 1st & 2nd Dist
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Headquarters, Department of S.C. & Ga.
Charleston, Octob 20th 1862
[General orders No 81]
I. Medical Officers called upon to examine persons offered as substitutes, will examine each one stripped, to see that he has free use of all his limbs, that his chest is ample, that his hearing, vision and speech are perfect; that he has no tumors or ulcerated, or extensively cicatrized legs; no rupture or chronic cutaneous affection that he has not received any contusion or wound of the head that may impare his faculties; that he is not a drunkard; is not subject to convulsions and has no infectious disorder, nor any other that may unfit him for Military service.
III Under the regulations of the War Department if a non commissioned officer or soldier discharged by reason of a subtitute, be in debt to the Government, the officer granting the discharge shall be liable for the debt. All pay and allowances due to the Non Commissioned Officer or soldier discharged shall go to the substitute at the next pay day. Substitutes must be taken from classes of persons exempt from military service under existing laws: not more than one per month shall be received in any Company, and the reception of unnaturalized foreigners as substitutes in the army is expressly forbidden.
By command of General Beauregard
Thomas Jordan
Chief of Staff and A.A. General
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—Extracts—
Adjt & Insp Genls. Office
Richmond Oct 30th 1862
General Orders No 80
x x x x x x
II Surgeons and Asst. Surgeons in charge of Military Hospitals, or of sick & wounded officers and soldiers in private Hospitals & houses, upon the death of either an officer or soldier, will forthwith make out and forward directly to the second Auditor of the Treasury of the C.S. a certificate, stating in the case of a Comsd Officer, his rank and the command to which he belonged & in all cases when, were, and from what cause they died. Should the deceased leave any effects or money, a statement setting forth a list of the effects, the amount of money, & in whose hands the same will remain until legally called for, will accompany said certificate.
General Orders
No 78 Oct 28th 1862
x x x x x x
III General Hospitals are under the authority of the local Comd'g Officers, but their general management & the medical officers thereof, should be left to the control of the Senior Surgeon & Medical Director, to be interfered with by the Comd'g Officer, only in special cases, which will be referred to the Commander of the Department.
By order
(Signed) S. Cooper
Adjt & Insp General
Official
J. C. Palmer
Adjt
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Confederate States of America
Surgeon Generals Office 1862
Richmond, Nov 1862
(Copy)
With the view of obtaining some additional information on the Surgical Pathology of the Nervous System, Medical Directors are instructed to require of the Medical Officers serving in their respective districts, specified reports of all local or general diseases of the nerves, which may have been treated or observed by them, resulting from or subsequent upon wounds or surgical operations.
Signed S. P. Moore
Surg General
C.S.A.
Office Chief Surg Division
Charleston Nov 25th 1862
Your particular attention is directed to the above Circular
(Signed) S Logan
Chief Surg 1 & 2nd Med Divs
T. L. Ogier Jr.
Surg 24th Regimt. SCV
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War Department
Richmond Va. Mch 26th/62
(General Orders)
The following regulations are adopted in place of Medical Regulations, paragraph 2 to 6 inclusive, and general regulations, paragraphs 1151 to 1155 inclusive, and will be obeyed accordingly.
1 An army corps or military department will have a medical officer assigned as medical director, who will have the general control of the medical officers and hospital.
2 A division will have a medical officer assigned, on the recommendation of the Medical Director, as Chief Surgeon; or the senior medical officer of the division, on the same recommendation will be relieved from regimental duty, and placed in general charge as Chief Surgeon of Division.
3 A brigade will be under the general medical charge of the Senior Surgeon of brigade, who will not be relieved from Regimental duty.
4 Medical Directors, Chief Surgeons of Divisions, and Senior Surgeons of Brigades, will inspect the Hospital of their commands, and see that the rules & regulations are enforced, and the duties of the Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons are properly performed.
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5 They will examine the case books, prescription and diet books, and ascertain the nature of diseases which may have prevailed, and their probable causes; recommend the best method of prevention, and also make such suggestions relative to the situation, construction and economy of the hospitals, and to the police of the camps, as may appear necessary for the benefit & comfort of the sick and the good of the service.
6 Senior Surgeons of brigades will receive the monthly reports of sick and wounded (From 1) required from the medical officers, and transmit them through the Chief Surgeons of Division to the Medical Director.
7 The Medical Director will make to the Surgeon-General a consolidated monthly report of the sick and wounded from the monthly reports of the medical officers of the command.
8 Chief Surgeons of Divisions and Senior Surgeons of Brigades will see that the quarterly reports of sick and wounded, and monthly statements of hospital fund required from the medical officers are transmitted to the Surgeon-General.
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9 Senior Surgeons of Brigades will make to the Chief Surgeons of Divisions and Chief Surgeons of Divisions will make to the Medical Director monthly returns of the medical officers of their commands. (From 2)
10 The Medical Directors will make to the Surgeon General a monthly return of medical officers of the command.
11 Medical officers, heretofore styled medical directors, who do not come within the meaning of the first of the above regulations, will be designated as the case may be, in accordance with the second or third regulations; and medical officers heretofore called Brigade Surgeons, if not attached to regiments, will be assigned to regiments not provided with surgeons.
(Signed) Geo W. Randolph
Secretary of War
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War Department
Adjutant and Inspector Generals Office
Richmond, June 17th 1862
(General Orders No 44)
I At the expiration of their term of service, all paroled prisoners who are not enlisted for the war will have their names dropped from the muster rolls, and will be discharged the service of the Confederate States. The commissions of the officers will expire with the terms of their men.
II No persons, other than those authorized by the commanding general of an army, or the commanding officers of districts under martial law shall be recognized as agents for taking possession of private property. These agents before making any impressments, shall present their written authority, and when they take property their receipts shall designate the officer who is to pay for it.
III Congress having conferred on the President the right during the existing war "to take such control of the lines of telegraph in the Confederate States, and of such offices connected therewith as will enable him effectually to supervise the communications passing through the same", and to exercise other power in reference to telegraph lines, and the President having charged the Postmaster General with the discharge of these duties, requisitions for building lines, the establishment and discontinuance of offices, the appointment of operators and agents, the disposition of
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material etc must be addressed to the Postmaster-General, and officers are prohibited from exercising these powers.
IV To prevent misconception in reference to the discharge of men under 18 and over 35 years of age under the conscript act, the army is informed that only such persons as have not re-enlisted for three years or the war will be entitled to their discharge on the 16th July next. Those of the ages above mentioned who have so re-enlisted, whether they are in twelve month regiments or war regiments, are not entitled to discharge until they have served out their term of enlistment.
V Regimental Medical officers, when in charge of patients brought to general hospital or in the vicinity of the same, will turn them over to the Surgeons in charge, and return without delay to their legitimate duties
By command of the Secretary of War
(Signed) S. Cooper
Adjutant & Inspector Genl
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War Department
Adjutant & Inspector Generals Office
Richmond June 26th 1862
(General Orders)
No 45
N I A General Intelligence Office, to enable the friends of the sick and wounded to find them out, and to facilitate communication with the army is hereby established. Military commanders & surgeons will afford all the means in their power to promote the ends of its establishment.
II Medical Officers taken prisoners of war by the armies of the Confederate States will be immediately and unconditionally discharged.
III The government of the United States having recognized the principle that Medical Officers should not be held as prisoners of war, and having ordered the immediate and unconditional release of all Medical Officers so held all Medical Officers of the Confederate States now on parole are hereby discharged from their parole.
IV Paragraph II, General Orders No. 31, current series is so modified as to designate Augusta Georgia as the point from which breadstuffs may be transported to Jackson Mississippi and to which shipments of sugar and molasses may be made from Jackson Mississippi.
By command of the Secretary of War
(Signed) S Cooper
Adjutant and Inspector-General
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War Department
Adjutant & Inspector Genls Office
Richmond June 26th 62
General Orders
No. 48.
I. The appointments of General Officers and Officers of the General Staff in the provisional Army being made under special authority, and for specific objects terminate with their Commands, except in case of assignment to other appropriate duties.
II. General Orders No. 17, Adjutant and Inspector Generals Office Nov the 7th 1861 authorizing discharges from the service and furloughs by Brigade Commanders are hereby revoked.
III. Paragraphs 160 and 161. Regulations for the army published March 13th 1862 are revoked and the following regulations are substituted.
160 When a non commissioned officer or soldier shall be unfit for Military Service in consequence of wounds disease or infirmity, his Captain shall forward to the commandant of the department or of the Army in the field through the commander of the regiment or post a statement of the case with certificates of disability, signed by the Senior Surgeon of the Regiment or post according to the form prescribed in the Medical regulations. If the recommendation for the discharge of the invalid be approved the authority therefore will be endorsed on the certificates of disability, which will be sent back to be completed and signed by the commanding officer of the Regiment or command to which the
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invalids Company belongs, who will also sign the discharge and cause the final statements to be made out and forward the certificates of disability to the Adjutant and Inspector General.
161 When a non commissioned officer or soldier is absent from his regiment or Company in hospital and shall be unfit for Military Service for the reasons set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Senior Surgeon of the hospital will make out "Certificates of disability", and forward them through the commander of the Company or regiment to the commander of the department or of the army in the field whose approval being given, the commanding officer will complete and forward the certificates of disability to the Adjutant and Inspector-General and send the paper of discharge to the Surgeon. But when access to commanders is difficult and attended with great delay the certificates of disability may in urgent cases be forwarded by the Surgeon to the Surgeon-General for approval, which being given the discharge will be authorized from the Adjutant and Inspector-Generals office and the Surgeon will make out final statements.
IV Medical officers are prohibited from recommending leaves of absence and furloughs to sick and wounded officers and soldiers except when it is absolutely necessary for them to go home to be
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restored to health in which case the soldier only will be entitled to transportation to be given in kind.
By Command of the Secretary of War
(Signed) S Cooper
Adjutant and Inspector-General
Adjutant & Inspector General's Office
Richmond Dec. 17th 1862
General Orders
No 107.
I Paragraph IV General Orders, No 72 current series is modified as follows
Medical Officers referred to in said orders will not hereafter issue certificates for furloughs, except when the health of the soldier requires his removal, or a change of climate; and in all such cases, this fact must be distinctly stated in the Surgeon's certificate.
II Whenever, in the opinion of the commanding officer of a military department, the object of the fourth paragraph of General orders, No 72, has been for the time being accomplished by sufficiently reducing the number in hospital, he may suspend the session of the medical boards until the condition of the sick and wounded renders it expedient to reassemble said boards.
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III Officers charged with the duty of enrolling conscripts are hereby instructed that the resignation of officers does not, of itself, exempt the party resigning from the provisions of the conscript law. All such persons are subject to enrollment and examination in common with other parties of conscript age.
IV Lieutenant-Colonel Smith Stansbury is hereby detailed for the same duty as that assigned in paragraph III, General Orders, No 80, current series, to Lieutenant-Colonel W. Leroy Brown, and he will proceed immediately to Charleston, So Ca, and to Mobile, Ala, for the purpose of examining candidates for appointment as artillery officers for ordnance duty, under the act of Congress, approved September 16th 1862.
The Generals commanding at those points will, on his application, associate with him any two artillery officers performing ordnance duties he may select, who, together with himself, will constitute an Examining Board.
Due notice will be given through the local papers at the time at which examination will be held.
Applications for permission to be examined will be made, as per General orders No 80, to the general commanding.
By Order
(Signed) S. Cooper
Adjutant and Inspector-Genl
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War Department
Adjutant & Inspector-Generals Office
Richmond August 14th/62
{General Orders}
No 58
I The following rules in relation to the examination of conscripts are published for the guidance of the enrolling and medical examining officers:
1 At each camp of instruction and at such military stations and other points as may be designated, an experienced Army Surgeon, from a different section of the country, will be detailed to examine conscripts.
2 All conscripts capable of bearing arms will be received.
3 Conscripts not equal to all military duty may be valuable in the hospital, quartermaster's, or other staff departments and if so will be received.
4 Blindness, excessive deafness, and permanent lameness, or great deformity, are obvious reasons for exemptions.
6 Single reducible hernia, the loss of an eye, or of several fingers, will not incapacitate the subject for the performance of military duty.
7 A certificate of disability of a conscript given by a private physician will not be considered, unless affidavit is made that the conscript is confined to bed, or that his health and life would be endangered by removal to the place of enrollment.
8 But when a conscript is incapacitated by temporary sickness he must present himself so soon as recovered to the enrolling officer, or to the nearest school for conscripts.
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9 No previous discharge, certificate, or exemption, from any source, will be acknowledged, except those granted to foreigners not domiciled, and to those persons who have furnished substitutes.
10 Medical officers of the army are not allowed to examine conscripts and give certificates unless they are regularly detailed for that duty.
By command of Secretary of War.
(Signed) S. Cooper
Adjutant & Inspector-General
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Adjutant & Inspector Genls. Office
Richmond September 9th 1862
{General Order}
No 65
I Each Cadet in the Confederate States service will forthwith report to the Adjutant & Inspector-General, Richmond, Virginia, the state in which he was born, the county and state whence appointed, and whether the appointment was "at large, or from a Congressional district", his age at the date of his appointment in the Confederate service, and whether he was appointed to West Point, together with the date of such appointment, and the date of his leaving.
II Promotions of company officers, as such in the Provisional Army, take place in the respective companies in which the officers are serving, and not through the line of the Regiment
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or battalion; that is on the vacancy of the Captain the First Lieutenant of the Company will succeed, and the second Lieutenant of the same company will be entitled to succeed to the vacancy created by the promotion of the First Lieutenant.
III Paroled or exchanged prisoners, sick or wounded, in hospital, who have not been furnished with descriptive lists, will be mustered for payment upon the hospital rolls by Surgeons in charge, upon their affidavit that they have not received pay for the period for which they claim it to be due and are not indebted to the Confederate government beyond the amount which may be stated.
IV All officers of the subsistence department will return to the commissary from whom they draw subsistence all barrels and sacks. If they fail to return them they will be charged 75cts for each barrel and $1.25 for each sack.
V The medical officers detailed by virtue of paragraph 1 General Orders No 58 current series, to examine conscripts at camps of instruction will forward every week, through the commanding officers, to the Adjutant and Inspector General, Richmond, the names in full of the conscripts received who are not equal to all military duty, but may be valuable in the Hospital, quartermasters, or other staff department in order that they may be detailed for those branches of the service. The previous occupation of the conscript will be reported, with a recommendation for any special duty for which he may appear suited. S. Cooper
(Signed) By order Adjutant & Inspector General
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Adjutant and Inspector General
Richmond December 2/62
General Orders
No 101
I. Clause 1, Paragraph VI, General orders No. 82 current series, is so amended as to provide that one of the three Surgeons for each Congressional District shall be a Medical officer of the army and that the two others to be recommended by the Commandant of Conscripts to the Adjutant and Inspector-General shall be selected from Congressional districts different from that in which they are to examine conscripts.
II. As in the case of barrels and sacks, officers of the Subsistence department receiving beeves will deliver to the Commissaries from whom they draw supplies a like number of hides. The issueing Commissary will transfer them to the Quartermaster charged with their collection.
By order
S. Cooper
Adjutant and Inspector-General
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Adjutant and Inspector-Generals Office
Richmond Sept 29 1862
General Orders No 72
I The President having approved an act of Congress requiring the Secretary of War "to transfer any private or non-commissioned officer who may be in a regiment from a State of this Confederacy other than his own, to a regiment from his own State whenever such private or non-commissioned officer may apply for such transfer and whenever such transfer can be made without injury to the public service, And that the Secretary of War shall make to facilitate such transfer provided that this act shall not apply to any person who has enlisted as a substitute"—It is ordered that all such applications for transfers as are contemplated by the foregoing act shall be addressed to the General Commanding the army in which the applicant is serving and shall be granted by him, without reference to the war department whether the transfer is within his own military department or not provided the written consent of the Commandant of the Company to which the transfer is sought to be made shall first be given and the transfer can be made without injury to the public service. In all cases in which the Commanding General shall think proper to refuse such application he shall endorse the reasons for such refusal and forward the application to the department.
II. Paragraph II General Orders No 31 current series paragraph IX General Orders No 38 current and clause 3 paragraph I General Orders No 55 current series are hereby revoked.
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III. The ration issued to hospitals will not hereafter be subject to the reduction authorized Apl 28th 1862 but will remain as prescribed by paragraph 1107 General Regulations.
IV. For the prompt relief of the sick and wounded of posts and general hospitals not including those in the City of Richmond it is ordered,
1 That the Commandant of the post shall cause to be established a board to consist of five or more medical officers at each post or general hospital for the examination of all soldiers who may be considered fit subjects for furlough or discharge.
2 That in the absence of any regularly appointed officer the Senior Surgeon of the post or general hospital will act as commandant of the post.
3 That a certificate of disability with a recommendation for furlough signed in due form by the examining Board and approved by the Senior Surgeon of the post shall entitle the soldier to a furlough to be granted by the Commandant of the post.
4 That a certificate of disability with a recommendation for discharge signed in due course by the examining Board and
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approved by the Senior Surgeon of the post shall if the soldier is declared to be unfit for Service in the field or in any department of the government entitle him to his discharge which will be signed by the Commandant of the post; and in all cases where the descriptive list and final papers cannot be obtained the patient will be mustered for payment upon hospital rolls, by the Surgeon in charge or his affidavit that he has not received pay for the period for which he claims it to be due and that he is not indebted to S.C. government beyond the amount stated by him.
V In all cases of application for furlough or discharge named in the foregoing paragraph the applicant will be required to explain satisfactorily his absence from the regiment Battalion or squadron to which he belongs.
VI Due notice of all furloughs and discharges granted under this order will be forwarded through department commanders to the Adjutant and Inspector-General.
By order
S Cooper
Adjutant and Inspector-General
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Adjutant & Inspector General's Office
Richmond October 1st 1862
{General orders}
No 73
I The State of Mississippi, and that part of Louisiana east of the Mississippi river, are constituted a separate Military Department, the command of which is assigned to Major General John C Pemberton.
II Generals commanding will authorize their Medical Purveyors to impress all Medical supplies held by speculators, paying them the cost prices for them. The Generals will give the Purveyors the necessary aid to carry this order into effect.
(Signed) By Order
S. Cooper
Adjutant & Inspector-Genl
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Adjutant & Inspector Genls Office
Richmond October 28th 1862
{General Orders}
No 78
Paragraph III General Hospitals are under the authority of the local commanding officers; but their general management, and the medical officers thereof, should be left to the control of the Senior Surgeon and Medical Director, to be interfered with by the commanding officer only in special cases, which will be referred to the commander of the department
(Signed) By Order
S. Cooper
Adjutant & Inspector Genl
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Adjutant & Inspector-Generals Office
Richmond, October 30th 1862
General orders}
No 80
I Upon the death of a commissioned officer in the service of the Confederate States, his immediate commanding officer will forthwith make out a certificate of the fact, stating his rank and the command to which he belonged; when, where, and from what cause he died; and if possible, when, and by whom he was last paid.
Upon the death of a non-commissioned officer or private in said service, the officer commanding his company at the time of his death will in like manner forthwith make out a descriptive list, in which he will set forth, when, where, and by whom he was enlisted; when, where, and from what cause he died when and by whom he was last paid off; whether there is any bounty or commutation for clothing due him; and whether there is any stoppages against him; for what cause, and of what amount. These certificates & descriptive lists will be transmitted directly to the second Auditor of the Treasury of the Confederate States.
II Surgeons & Assistant Surgeons in charge of military hospitals, or of sick and wounded officers and soldiers in private hospitals and houses, upon the death of either an officer or soldier, will forthwith make out and forward directly to the Second Auditor of the Treasury of the Confederate States a certificate stating, in the case of a commissioned officer, his rank, and the command to which he belonged; in the case of non-commissioned officers and privates, the company & regiment to which they belonged; and in all cases, when, where, and from what cause they died.
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Should the deceased leave any effects or money a statement setting forth a list of the effects, the amount of the money, and in whose hands the same will remain until legally called for, will accompany said certificate.
(Signed) By order
S. Cooper
Adjutant & Inspector-Genl
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Adjutant & Inspector-Generals Office
Richmond Novemb 19th 1862
General Orders}
No 90
I Before going into action, the Chief of Artillery of each army will make such disposition of the teams attached to the Battery wagons and travelling forges as will render them most available for the purpose of securing artillery captured on the battle-field.
II Medical Directors and Inspectors will forward to the office of the Surgeon-General copies of all circulars and of all printed orders or instructions, and of all written orders of importance issued by them.
(Signed) By Order
S. Cooper
Adjutant & Inspector-General
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Adjutant and Inspector General's Office
Richmond Nov 22nd 1862
General orders}
No 93
The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact that the commutation value of rations of sick and disabled soldiers in the hospitals of the Confederate States is hereby fixed at one dollar instead of the commutation now allowed by law, which shall constitute the hospital fund and be held by the Commissary, and be paid over by him from time to time to the Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon in charge of the hospital of which the soldier whose ration was commuted is an inmate upon the said Surgeon or Assistant Surgeons requisition made in writing when necessary to purchase supplies for said hospital; provided however, when said fund for any one hospital shall increase over and above the monthly expenditures of the same to an amount exceeding the sum of five thousand dollars, the said Commissary shall be required to deposit the said excess over and above the said five thousand dollars in the treasury of the Confederate or such other place of deposit where government moneys are ordered to be kept; which said deposits, when so made shall be passed to the credit of the said Confederate States and be liable to draft as other public moneys are, and all such funds shall be accounted for by the said Commissary in his monthly report and abstract as now required by law and provided further, that all such Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons who shall receive
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from the said Commissary any part of said hospital fund to be expended for the use of hospitals, shall be held liable for a faithful application of it and in a weekly account and abstract to be made out and forwarded to the office of the Surgeon-General to be verified in every instance by vouchers shall show what disposition has been made of it, which account abstract and accompanying vouchers shall be placed on file.
Sec 2. That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed to make a contract with the several railroad companies and lines of boats for the speediest practicable transportation of all supplies purchased for the use of hospitals by agents accredited by the Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon in charge for that purpose or donations by individuals Societies or States; and it shall be lawful for the Quartermaster-General to furnish general transportation tickets to such agents upon all railroad trains and canal boats when engaged in the actual service of said hospitals upon the request of said Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon.
Sec 3. That there shall be allowed to each hospital of the Confederate States suits of clothing consisting of shirts pantaloons and drawers equal to the number of beds in the same for the use of the sick
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while in the hospital when so ordered by the Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon in Charge which said clothing shall be drawn up on the written requisition of said Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon and shall be receipted for and kept as hospital clothing and be accounted for as other public property.
Sec 4. That there be allowed to each hospital with rations and suitable places of lodging, the following Matrons and female nurses and attendants viz: Two Matrons to be known and designated as hospital Matrons-in-chief at a salary not to exceed forty per month each whose general duties shall be to exercise a superintendence over the entire domestic economy of the hospital to take charge of such delicacies as may be provided for the sick apportioning them out as required; to see that the food or diet is properly prepared and all such other duties as may be necessary. Two Matrons to be known and designated as assistant Matrons whose general duties shall be to superintend the laundry to take charge of the clothing of the sick, the bedding of the hospital to see that they are kept clean and neat and perform such other duties as may be necessary at a salary not to exceed thirty five dollars
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per month each. Two Matrons for each ward at a salary not to exceed thirty dollars per month each to be known and designated as ward Matrons whose general duties shall be to prepare the beds and bedding of their respective wards to see that they are kept clean and in order, that the food or diet for the sick is carefully prepared and furnished to them the medicine adminstered and that all patients requiring careful nursing are attended to and all such other duties as may be necessary. And all Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons in charge of a hospital are hereby authorized to employ such other nurses either male or female as may be necessary to the proper care and attention of the sick at a salary each not to exceed twenty-five dollars per month and also the necessary cooks at a salary not to exceed twenty-five dollars per month each, giving preference in all cases to females where their services may best subserve the purpose and in the event a sufficient number of such nurses and ward masters cannot be employed not liable to Military Service and it shall become
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necessary to assign to this duty soldiers in the service then upon the requisition of such Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon in charge of such hospital the soldier or soldiers so assigned who are skillful and competent shall be permanently detailed to this duty and shall only be removable for neglect or inattention by the Surgeon or Assistant Surgeon in charge, provided in all cases that all other attendants and servants not herein provided for necessary to the service of said hospital shall be allowed as now provided by law.
Sec 5. That the hospitals of Confederate States shall hereafter be known and numbered as hospitals of a particular State; and in all cases where the same can be done without injury to the patients or great inconvenience to the government all sick or wounded soldiers being citizens or residents of such particular shall be sent to such hospitals as may represent the same and to such private or state hospitals representing the same which may be willing to receive them.
Sec 6th. That all persons authorized to be employed by section 4 of this act, who are not engaged in the military services and whose pay is not now provided for by law, shall be paid monthly by any
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quartermaster or other person authorized to pay troops in the military service upon a muster or pay roll to be made out and certified to by the Surgeon or assistant having in charge the hospital or hospitals in which said persons have been employed.
Sec 7. That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized, in such way and manner as he may deem best, and under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe, to enter into and perfect some suitable arrangement with the railroad companies, their officers or authorized agents, whereby seats in one or more cars of each railroad train, as the necessities of the case may be, shall be reserved for the use of the sick or wounded soldiers, who may desire transportation on any such railroad, and that no person not sick or wounded, and not an attendant upon the sick or wounded, shall be permitted to enter any such car or cars so reserved until the said sick and wounded and their attendants shall have obtained seats, and, also, shall perfect some arrangement with the said railroad companies, their officers or agents, whereby all conductors having in charge any such trains shall be required to provide for the use of the sick and wounded in the cars so reserved a sufficient quantity of pure water.
Sec 8. That all surgeons and assistant surgeons in charge of a hospital having in his or their charge any sick or wounded soldier, desiring transportation as aforesaid, shall, in all cases, detail some competent person acting under his or their authority
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whose duty it shall be to accompany all such sick and wounded to the depot of any such railroad, to see that all such are properly cared for, and that they obtain seats in the said car or cars so reserved.
Approved September 27th 1862]
By order
(Signed) S. Cooper
Adjutant and Inspector-General
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Adjutant & Inspector-Genls Office
Richmond Nov. 25th 1862
General orders}
No 95
To carry into effect the provisions of an act to better provide for the sick and wounded of the army in hospitals, approved September 27th 1862, the following instructions are published.
I The commuted value of rations for the sick and wounded in hospitals will be one dollar. Rations for hospital attendants will be commuted at the rates heretofore fixed by regulations.
Commissaries of Subsistence will transfer, for the purchase of necessary supplies for the sick and wounded, to the medical officer in charge of a hospital (taking duplicate receipts thereof) such portion of the hospital fund as may be demanded on requisition.
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Accounts current of the portion of the hospital fund thus transferred shall be rendered weekly to the Surgeon General by the medical officer in charge of a hospital accompanied by vouchers (numbered) for the expenditures. The fractional part of the week corresponding with the termination of the month. The following form will be adopted.
Account Current of the Hospital Fund expended for the week _______ and ending ______ 186?
Surgeon ______ in charge of Hospital at in account
Confederate States
[simulated ledger page]
186 Dr
Octob 1 To ballance on hand by last account 55.50
" 2 To amount transferred by the Commissary for the
purchase of supplies for the subsistence or
comfort of the sick and wounded. . . . . . . . . . 500.00
555.50
Cr Purchased
Voucher No 1 By 70 qts milk at 10cts 7.00
" " 2 By A.B. Hospital steward marketing 175.00
" " 3 By 50 chickens, at 25cts 12.50
By 12 bu potatoes at 75cts 9.00
" " 4 By 35 lbs of butter at 30cts 10.50
By 28 doz eggs at 25cts 7.00 26.50
Total purchase 221.00
Ballance on hand 334.50
__________Hospital at _____________186 Surgeon in charge
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4 A copy of the statement of the Hospital fund will be rendered monthly by medical officers to the Surgeon General, according to the following form
Statement of the Hospital Fund at ______ for the month of _______186
[simulated ledger page]
Dr
To balance due hospital last month 4820.20
1,532 rations, being whole amount due this
month for the sick & wounded at $1 per ration 1532.00
450 rations for hospital attendants at
30cts per ration . . . . . . . . . . . 135.00 1667.00
Cr Issued
By the following provisions at contract prices
283½ lbs of pork, at 10cts per lb 28.35
690 lbs of fresh beef at 8cts pr lb 55.20
1,612 1/8 of flour at 3½cts per lb 56.42
10 lb of hard bread at 4 cts " 00.40
70 " Rice at 6cts per lb 4.20
56 " Coffee at 12½cts per lb 7.00
193 7/8 lb Sugar 8ct per lb 15.51
17 1/8 qts of vinegar at 5ct per qt. .86
15 5/16 lb of candles at 12ct per lb 1.83
61¼ lbs Soap at 6cts per lb 3.68
16 7/8 qts of Salt at 3ct per qt 0.50
12 gals molasses at 28ct per gall 3.36
Transferred 177.31
Amount transferred to the medical officer
in charge for the purchase of supplies for the
sick and wounded
October 2 500.00
" 12 250.00
" 27 150.00
900.00
Total issue transferred 1277.31
Amount of Hospital fund 5409.89
Excess of fund (over $5,000) to be returned to treasury 409.89
Balance due this month 5000.00
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5 When a hospital fund shall exceed five thousand dollars the commissary of subsistence having the fund in hand will deposit such excess in the Treasury of the Confederate States, or other place of deposit where government moneys are kept, to be liable to draft as other public moneys are. Commissaries will account for hospital funds on their monthly abstracts and summary statements.
6 The Quartermaster will have arrangements made with the various railroad companies and line of boats for the speediest practicable transportation of supplies for the hospitals; and general transportation tickets will be furnished to accredited agents engaged in the actual purchase of these supplies upon the request of the medical officer in charge of a hospital.
7th Medical Officers in charge of general hospitals will make requisitions on the medical purveyor for hospital suits. (shirts pantaloons and drawers) for the use of the sick and wounded while in hospital, not to exceed in number the number of beds; which clothing shall be born on the returns, and be accounted for as other hospital property.
8 There will be allowed to each general hospital with rations and suitable places of lodging, two Chief Matrons, at a salary not to exceed forty dollars pr month each, whose general duties shall be born on the to exercise a superintendence over the entire domestic economy of the hospital; to take charge of such delicacies as may be provided for the sick; to apportion them out as required
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to see that the food or diet is properly prepared and all such other duties as may be necessary: two Assistant Matrons, at a salary not to exceed thirty-five dollars per month each, whose general duties shall be to superintend the laundry; to take charge of the clothing of the sick and bedding of the hospital; to see that they are kept clean and neat; and perform such other duties as may be necessary: two Ward Matrons for each ward (estimating 100 patients for each ward), at a salary not to exceed thirty dollars per month each, whose general duties it shall be to prepare the beds and bedding of their respective ward; to see that they are kept clean and in order, that the food or diet for the sick is carefully prepared and furnished to them; the medicine administered and that all patients requiring careful nursing are attended to; and all such other duties as may be necessary: one Ward Master for each ward (estimating 100 patients for each ward) at a salary not to exceed twenty five dollars per month each and such other nurses and cooks male or female (giving preference to females when their service may best subserve the purpose) at a salary not to exceed twenty five dollars per month each as may be necessary for the proper care of the sick. These attendants to be paid monthly, on hospital muster rolls by the Quartermasters Department, and to be removed when expedient by the medical officer in charge. Other attendants not herein provided for, necessary to the service, shall be allowed as now provided by law.
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9 If a sufficient number of nurses and ward masters not liable to military service cannot be employed, and it shall become necessary to assign to this duty soldiers in the service, then, upon the requisition of the medical officer in charge of a hospital, the soldiers so assigned who are skillful & competent shall be permanently detailed for this duty and shall only be removable for neglect or inattention, by the medical officer in charge.
10 Hospitals will be known and numbered as hospitals of a particular state. The sick and wounded, when not injurious to themselves, or greatly inconvenient to the service, will be sent to the hospitals representing their respective states, and to private or state hospitals representing the same.
11 The Quartermaster General will have arrangements made with the railroad companies to reserve seats in one or more cars, as may be necessary, for the use of the sick and wounded soldiers and their attendants to be transported; and until they are seated to prevent other persons from entering those reserved cars; and also to require conductors of the trains to provide for the use of the sick and wounded in the reserved cars a sufficient quantity of pure water.
12 Medical officer in charge of hospital will detail an attendant to accompany the sick & wounded, furloughed, discharged, or transferred to railroad depots to see that they are cared for and provided with seats in the reserved cars.
(Signed) By order S. Cooper
Adjutant & Inspector Genl
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Headquarters, Dep't. of S.C. Ga & Fla
Charleston S.C. April 5th 1863
General Orders}
No 53
I Field & company officers are specially enjoyned to instruct their men, under all circumstances, to fire with deliberations at the feet of the enemy; they will thus avoid overshooting and, besides, wounded men give more trouble to our adversary than his dead as they have to be taken from the field.
II Officers in command must be cool and collected in action, hold their men in hand, and caution them against useless firing. The men must be instructed and required each one to single out his mark. It was the deliberate sharpshooting of our forefathers in the Revolution of 1776 and at New orleans 1815 which made them so formidable against the odds with which they were engaged.
III In the beginning of a battle, except as troops deployed as skirmishers, the fire by file will be avoided; it excites the men, and renders their subsequent control difficult; fire by wing or company should be resorted to instead. During the battle, the officers & non-commissioned officers must keep the men in ranks enforce obedience, and encourage and stimulate them if necessary.
IV Soldiers must not be permitted to quit the ranks to strip or rob the dead, nor even assist in moving our own dead, unless by special permission, which shall only be given when the action has been decided. The surest way to protect our wounded is to drive the enemy from our field, the most pressing, highest, duty is to win the victory.
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V Before the battle, the Quartermaster of the division will make all the necessary arrangements for the immediate transportation of the wounded from the field. After consulting with the medical officers, he will establish the ambulance depot in the rear, and give his assistants the necessary instructions for the efficient service of the ambulance wagons and other means of transportation.
VI The ambulance depot, to which the wounded are to be conveyed or directed for immediate treatment, should be established at the most convenient building nearest the field of battle. A red flag marks the place and way to it.
VII. Before and immediately after battle the roll of each company will be called, and absentees must strictly account for their absence from the ranks. To quit their standard on the battle field, under fire, under the pretence of removing or aiding the wounded, will not be permitted. Any one persisting in it will be shot on the spot and whoever shall be found to have quit the field, or his regiment, or company without authority will be regarded and proclaimed as a coward and dealt with accordingly.
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(Extract) Head Quarters 1st Mil Dist. S.C.
Charleston, Oct. 12th 1862
Special Orders}
No 291
III x x x x x x
All sick from camps around the city who require Hospital treatment, will until further orders be sent to the wayside Hospital in the city, for transportation to the interior Hospitals.
x x x
By order
Brig Genl Gist
(Signed) W. F. Hance
A.A. Genl
Official
J. C. Palmer Adjt 24th Reg. S.C.V.
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Head Quarters
James Island Aug 1st 1862
Sir
The Brig Genl, Comdg. respectfully invites your views and suggestions as to any changes that may be necessary to improve the sanitary condition of the troops on this Island. He desires to take all possible precautions for the preservation of the health of the Command, and to this end requests your assistance.
Very respectfully
Your Obedient Servt
(Signed) Jos Walker
A.A. Genl
Dr Ogier
Asst Surg 24th Regm't S.C.V.
Thro Col C H Stevens
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Secessionville S.C.
August 6th 1862
Sir
In reply to your communication of the 1st inst in writing the expression of any suggestions which may ameliorate the sanitary condition of the troops on this Island, I would propose the immediate removal of the troops, so far as consistent with the safety of the Command, from the unhealthy to known healthy points, the rigid enforcement of police regulations which I regret to see are much neglected in some of the encampments & which neglect I believe to be one great cause of disease. In addition to those precautions I would suggest that all tents to be struck, their sites well sunned at least once a week & where houses are occupied that they be well scoured as often as practicable. It is of course necessary that a portion of the command should be exposed to malarious influence, & I would suggest that a representation of this be made to the proper authorities, & a supply of Sulph of Quinine be obtained for their use as a preventative of the fever prevalent at this season. I have entire confidence in the Quinine so used & believe the reduction of disease & mortality will be marked under its use.
Very Respectfully
(Signed) T L Ogier Jr
Ass't Surgeon
Capt Jos Walker 24th Regt SCV
A.A. Genl
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Confederate States of America
Surgeon Generals Office
Richmond Via 10th Oct of 1862
Sir
I have your statement of Hospital funds for Month of September last, and notice that you make but very small purchase of chickens &c for the use of the sick. I would suggest that the expenditure of the fund should be on a more liberal scale for articles which are so essential to the comforts of your patients.
Very Respectfully
Your Obedt Servt
S. P. Moore
(Signed) Surgeon General
Surg. T. L. Ogier Jur C.S.A.
Secessionville
S.C.
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Head Quarters 24th Regiment S.C.V.
Secessionville S.C.
October 26th 1862
Surgeon Genl S.P. Moore, C.S.A.
Richmond, Va
Sir
I beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 18th inst and to state that the small expenditure of the Hospital fund was in a great measure owing to the donations from the ladies of Charleston which rendered it unnecessary to expend more of it.
I have the honor to be very Respectfully
Your Obet Svt
(Signed) T L Ogier Jr
Surgeon
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Pocotaligo S.C.
Feb 26th 1863
Sir
I have to report the failure of Major Smith Q.M. 1st Mil Dist. to supply the requisite number of ambulances to the 24th Regiment SCV after repeated requisitions upon him through the Quartermaster of this regiment. Instead of four I have with great difficulty succeeded in obtaining two ambulances. I regret the necessity of making this report but we are probably on the eve of an engagement and it is absolutely necessary that I should have at least the scanty transportation for the wounded allowed now by regulations.
I am Sir very Respectfully
Signed Your Obedt Servt
T. L. Ogier Jr.
Surgeon 24th Regm't SCV
Surg T L Ogier
Med. Director
1st & 4th Mil Dist.
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Camp 24th Regt. S.C.V.
Pocotaligo S.C.
March 18th 1863
Sir
I send J. T. Gillaspie private Compy H. 24th S.C.V. without Descriptive roll in consequence of his Company being at present on detached service in the Combahee road. none of his officers being present here I will send the Descriptive roll tomorrow or sooner if possible to the Hospital. In the meantime you will oblige me by receiving Gillaspie at the Post Hospital. He has been sick for the past week with bronchitis & has received the usual expectorant treatment.
Very respectfully yours
(Signed) T. L. Ogier Jr.
Surgeon A.C.S.
Surgeon Healy
Post Hospital
McPhersionville
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Pocotaligo S.C.
March 17th 1863
Sir
You will please receive at Post Hospital private Ed. Grayson Compy D 24th Regiment, S.C.V. sick for the past week with simple continued fever. I am compelled to send without Descriptive roll as his Company is detached. I will however send it to the Hospital tomorrow.
(Signed) T. L. Ogier