John Adams Jerome was born on December 3, 1824, in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1851, he graduated from the Protest Episcopal Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia. He married Mary Sparrow around 1851, and they had at least two children. He worked as a minister in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
During the Civil War, he served as a chaplain in the Union army. He worked at Fairfax Seminar General Hospital from 1863 until 1865. He returned to Pennsylvania after the war and resumed his work as a minister. His wife died around 1866. He retired around 1889 and settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died there on June 18, 1901.