Hiram R. Treher was probably born in the late 1830s in Pennsylvania to John Treher. His father was a tavern keeper who owned $400 of personal property in 1860. He grew up and attended school in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, before moving to Cincinnati, Ohio, in the 1850s. He worked as a printer for the Cincinnati Gazette.
He enlisted in the Union army around April 1861 and mustered in as a sergeant in Company I of the 5th Ohio Infantry. The 3-month regiment reorganized as a 3-year regiment on June 20, 1861, and the men took part in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, the Battle of Antietam, and the Battle of Chancellorsville. He was wounded in the knee in the Battle of Cedar Mountain on August 9, 1862, “from a fragment of shell.” He eventually recovered and rejoined the regiment, and he was promoted to 1st lieutenant on January 6, 1863. He was wounded again in the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, and he mustered out sometime afterward. Treher returned to Cincinnati after the war and resumed his work as a printer. He died sometime after 1867.