Lewis C. Dickerson was born around 1843 in New Jersey to Benjamin and Mary Ann Dickerson. His father was a carriage maker who owned $6,000 of real estate and $2,000 of personal property by 1860. The family lived in Independence, New Jersey, until the 1850s, when they moved to Hackettstown, New Jersey. By 1860, Dickerson was working as a car trimmer.
He probably enlisted in the Union army on October 4, 1861, and mustered in as a private in Company A of the 78th New York Infantry five days later. He deserted near Saltersville, New Jersey, on December 12, 1861. He enlisted again on August 2, 1862, and mustered in as a private in Company B of the 15th New Jersey Infantry on August 25. The regiment participated in the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Chancellorsville. He died at Chancellorsville on May 3, 1863.