James Kelley was born around 1843 in Ireland. He immigrated to America by the early 1860s settled in Reading, Pennsylvania. He earned a living as a sailmaker. He enlisted in the Union army as a substitute for Charles Long on December 6, 1864, and the army assigned him to Company D of the 67th Pennsylvania Infantry. According to his service records, he was 5 feet, 3 inches tall, with brown hair and gray eyes, and he was illiterate. He deserted from his regiment during the winter of 1864-1865. Union forces eventually captured him, and he was publicly executed near Petersburg, Virginia, on March 11, 1865.