James Bradford was born on September 11, 1807, in Kentucky to Adam and Frances Bradford. The family moved to Missouri in 1827, and he married Anna Turpin a few years later. They had at least ten children: Margaret, born around 1833; Josiah, born around 1834; Adam, born around 1838; Francis, born around 1840; Thomas, born around 1841; John, born around 1843; Nancy Jane, born around 1845; Mary Ann, born around 1847; Lucinda, born around 1851; and Malinda, born around 1851.
By 1850, they were living in Texas County, Missouri, and Bradford was working as a farmer. The family owned $1,000 of real estate. A decade later, they owned $2,500 of real estate and $4,400 of personal property. He remained loyal to the Union during the war, and he became a Republican after the war. His wife died around 1864, and he married Sarah Crow on September 28, 1865. By 1870, he was working as a miller and wool carder in Texas County, and he owned $1,500 of real estate and $500 of personal property. He died in Missouri on December 26, 1876.