Robert Dickinson was born around 1829 in North Carolina. He moved to Darlington District, South Carolina, sometime before 1850 and worked as a mechanic. He married Amanda Stanley sometime in the 1850s, and they had at least eight children: Mary, born around 1854; Eugenia, born around 1856; Lula, born around 1858; Robert, born around 1860; Sallie, born around 1864; Lilly, born around 1864; Antoinette, born around 1868; and Carrie, born around 1870.
By 1860, he was working as a gin wright, and he owned $2,500 of real estate and $1,600 of personal property. He received a commission as a 1st lieutenant in Company G of the 21st South Carolina Infantry on January 13, 1862. He was promoted to captain on April 16, 1862, and he resigned in December 1862. He returned to Darlington after leaving the army, and by 1880, he was working as a cotton gin manufacturer. He died in 1895.