John Robinson Northcutt was born on January 21, 1814, in Tennessee. He eventually moved to Georgia, and he married Anna Dosseth on March 25, 1835. They had at least seven children: Elijah, born around 1836; Charlotte, born around 1836; John, born around 1842; James, born around 1844; William, born around 1846; Alfred, born around 1848; and Jesse, born around 1848. They lived in Marietta, Georgia, and Northcutt worked as a farmer.
They moved to Calhoun County, Alabama, in the 1850s. By 1860, he owned $3,500 of real estate and $1,250 of personal property. In October 1861, he received a commission as a captain in Company E of the 22nd Alabama Infantry. As he later reported, he was “shot through the thigh at the Battle of Shiloh, and from the effects of the wound believe I will not again be fit for duty.” He resigned in June 1862.
By 1880, he was living in Erath County, Texas. His wife died on April 28, 1886. By 1900, he was living in his son Jesse’s household in Justice, Texas. He died on August 23, 1900.