John Boyd was born around 1813 in England. He married a woman named Margaret, and they had at least ten children: Archibald, born around 1834; Robert, born around 1836; Joseph, born around 1843; William, born around 1848; John, born around 1851; Walton, born around 1854; Charles, born around 1856; Margaret, born around 1859; James, born around 1861; and Frederick, born around 1863. They eventually immigrated to America and settled in Nauvoo, Illinois.
They moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in the 1840s, and Boyd worked as a carpenter there. They moved to Frederick, Illinois, in the 1850s, and by 1860, he owned $200 of real estate and $50 of personal property. A decade later, his wealth had grown to $500 of real estate and $300 of personal property. He died of consumption in Frederick in February 1880.