Samuel C. Wheadon was born around 1834 in New York. He eventually moved to Illinois, and he married Harriet E. Gage on November 6, 1858. They had at least three children: Hattie, born around 1867; Mabel, born around 1876; and Maud, born around 1876. They lived in Maine, Illinois, and Wheadon worked as a farmer. By 1860, he owned $100 of personal property.
He enlisted in the Union army on August 14, 1862, and he mustered in as a private in Company I of the 88th Illinois Infantry on August 27. According to his service records, he was 5 feet, 5 inches tall, with dark hair and blue eyes. The regiment took part in the Battle of Perryville, the Battle of Stones River, the Battle of Chickamauga, and the Atlanta campaign. He supported President Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1864. He mustered out on June 9, 1865.
He settled in Chicago, Illinois, after the war and earned a living as a baker and a “huckster.” His wife probably died in the early 1880s, and he married Amelia Waterman on July 21, 1884. He died in Chicago on March 25, 1888.