Theodore R. Vaughan Diary
[newspaper clipping]
 
NO ONE WRITES TO ME
 
The list is called, and one by one
  The anxious crowd now melts away;
I linger still, and wonder why
  No letter comes for me to-day.
Are all my friends in Dixie dead?
  Or would they all forgotten be?
What have I done—what have I said—
  That no one writes a line to me?
                        It's very queer!
 
I watch the mail each weary day,
  With longing eyes the list o'errun,
And envy him whose name is called,
  But love him more who gets not one;
For I can sympathize with him,
  And feel how keen his grief must be,
Since I'm an exile from my home
  And no one writes a line to me!
                        I'm in despair!
 
Within a quiet, happy home,
  Far, far in Dixie's sunny clime,
There dwells a quiet, happy maid,
  Who wrote to me in by-gone time.
Now, others from the dear ones hear,
  In tender letters, loving, free,
Yet here I've been this half a year
  And why does she not write to me?
                        We're not estranged!
 
Will no one write me just a line,
  To say that I'm remembered yet?
You cannot guess how much delight
  I'd feel could I a letter get—
Could I but hear from some kind friend
  Whose face I ne'er again may see
Will some one now my anguish end?
  If some one doesn't write to me
                        I'll—get exchanged!
 
Theo Vaughan
Co. G 89th O.V.I.
From Goshen Clemont
County Ohio
Son of C. H. Vaughan
 
                                                           
 
[newspaper clipping]
 
                                    Truth is one,
ever one; error ever manifold.
 
"Well—what are ages and the lapse of time,
Matched against truths as lasting as sublime?
Can length of years on God himself exact,
Or make that fiction which was once a fact?
No; truth divine for ever stands secure,
Its head is guarded as its base is sure:
Fixed in the rolling flood of endless years,
The pillar of the eternal plan appears,
The raving storm and dashing wave defies,
Built by that Architect who built the skies."
                                                —Cowper
 
  He who is Christ's free man, is made such by Christian faith and obedience: he is heaven-taught, Spirit-led, has a single desire to know and please God better, is aiming at perfection, and grieving for nothing so much as the want of it.
 
Theo R. Vaughan
Co. G. 89 Regt
From Goshen
Clemont Co. C.
Son of C. H. Vaughan
 
                                                           
 
[newspaper clipping]
 
BOOKS
By Southey
 
My days among the dead are passed;
   Around me I behold,
Where'er these casual eyes are cast,
   The mighty minds of old,
My never-failing friends are they;
With whom I converse day by day.
 
With them I take delight in weal,
   And seek relief in woe;
And, while I understand and feel
   How much to them I owe,
My cheeks have often been bedewed
With tears of thoughtful gratitude.
 
My thoughts are with the dead; with them
   I live in long-past years;
Their virtues love, their faults condemn,
   Partake their hopes and fears;
And from their lessons seek and find
Instruction with an humble mind.
 
My hopes are with the dead; anon
   My place with them will be,
And I with them shall travel on
   Through all futurity;
Yet leaving here a name I trust,
That will not perish in the dust.
 
Capt. Kelly
Post 2 QM
 
                                                           
 
1862
Camp Dennison Augst 30
My proposed Journal through this campaign consisting of thoughts as they occur.
Came into Camp Dennison August 22ond. On the 2ond of September we left the above camp and came to Camp King, Ky Sept 5th/62.                      Blank
Sept 10th I have passed away a few week of my camp life without any note. My time has been so much employed on fatigue duty during the interegnum which passed between my going into camp & the present that I have been unable to write. passed away the day in Camp Licking, which is a beautiful ridge extending for a distance of about 2 miles. I'll never forget the first march made by
 
                                                           
 
Regt marching 10 miles on a forced march We poor boys were almost tramp down. We found some grass and [?]
Sept 11th We are now in Camp Licking and the prospect is fair to remain here some time. Our Camp is not at all desirable for the reason that it is nothing but a ridge. Yet we as soldiers must bear with all the inconveniences of camp life, though they be hard. It is for a noble cause that we have sacrificed the endearments of home that we have considered [?] And is a secondary consideration and are willing to go through innumerable privations attendant to camp life to restore [?] a noble Country and that [?]
 
                                                           
 
Country.          Sept 11th Nothing of importance occured during the day until about 6 oclock, when we were called out in line of battle. While in line we recd an order to cook two days rations. I felt bad over the order knowing my inability from having a large boil on my leg. In the evening I heard a fine exhortation by our Chaplain from the text Be of Good Courage Oh may the divine influence exerted in camp from attending divine service be the same if not more than when at home.
Sept 12 After the order last night & after many of us had procured our rations it was countermanded and we are still at Camp Licking. I am
 
                                                           
 
suffering from my boil very much. I am unfit for drill. Sept 14th Sabbath's holy day. How unlike the Sabbath in Camp is the Sabbath in our peaceful home. The Christian Soldier must be vigilant and watchful lest he enter into temptation. I have caught myself in the act of desecrating God's holy day two or 3 times—Lord forgive me and make me still more vigilant and watchful. Heard a sermon today from the part of the 26 verse of the 12 Chap Acts A few good points were brought forth. Wrote a letter home. What a pleasure to communicate to our dear ones at home through the medium of pen, ink & paper. Some
 
                                                           
 
of the time it is through the medium of pencil and paper. And how cheering to the Soldier to receive welcome tidings from home. It changes the monotony of camp life and revives his spirits and gives him fresh impulses to serve his beloved Country
Thursday Sept 18th/62—
Nothing has passed worthy of note since the 14th. On yesterday the 17th I had my carbuncle lanced and rec' immediate relief. Wrote three letters; one to Sister Mary, Bro Wm & my dear parents. We also rec' our tents but were much dissatisfied with them on account of small size. Mrs Bishop arrived yesterday and also
 
                                                           
 
Mr Barber who brought with him a good lot of provisions. All disinterested persons may rest assured that he was gladly rec'. When I commenced to note the incidents I dident know of having passed through so many or rather I had forgotten them until I commenced in writing. Last night I slept in the Capt tent. The wind blew terrifically—moaning through the place as if it were the precursor of sorrow. I felt somewhat timid from the fact that I was sleeping under a tree rather, my tent was situated under a tree. What little faith I am of. Could have that faith that would cause me to feel easy when in
 
                                                           
 
danger now I would rejoice. Lord, grant to give me that faith that almost [?]keth the Christian within the vail. Today nothing much has occured. I am gradually recovering from the effects of my carbuncle. May I always keep the one thing needful in view. Fryday Sept 19th/62 The morning was beautiful the atmosphere pure & bracing. At nine oclock we were called out on dress parade to rec a present of a most beautiful flag from our Col accompanied with an appropriate speech Saturday Sept 20/62 My feelings were greatly revived by my dear Father & Sister coming to see me. My mind wandered back to my dear dear home where
 
                                                           
 
many a halcyon hour has been passed. And by the will of God I trust to spend many more. The monotony of camp life affords no information for one to write and the associations are such that if he is not aware his mind becomes corrupted to such a degree as to aford him no relish for thought and meditation. Yet God has promised that if we are active in our endeavors he will assist us.
                                                           
Sunday Sept 21st/62
There is no Sabbath in Camp with some alas for the depravity of the human race during the day. Mr Simpkins came to Camp bringing a good lot of good
 
                                                           
 
things. At 10 o'clock went on guard duty and remained so until 6 o'clock next morning.
 
Monday Sept 22ond/62
Another day of monotony until it was broken by the appearance of [?] & Smiths Father who also brought a lot of eddibles which brought to mind the fond associations of home.
 
Tuesday Sept 23rd/62
Arose this morning after having slept under the eaves of the Quartermasters house all night to keep from getting wet, as there was a heavy rain during the night. The reason I could sleep under the eaves and not get wet is because the roof is made of boards
 
                                                           
 
which project over some 4 feet from the building
 
Wednesday 24th/62
Arose this morning & immediately began to prepare to go on picket duty
 
Thursday Sept 25th/62
Am on Picket duty with our Com'. Are having a very good time. Were on two hours yesterday & 4 off. Stood all of last night today stood it a little easier at night part stood until 12 PM and the rest from 12 P.M. until 5 A.M.
Nothing occured worthy of note. We had a change of diet while out, taking our meals with respective dutch families by paying for them Aut vender aut nihil
 
                                                           
 
Friday Sept 26th/62
Arose this morning somewhat more refreshed than preceding morning from having more sleep. Remained on duty until noon and then were relieved. We had been returned to Camp but a short time when we were ordered out on Battallion drill. We rather reluctantly went. When we returned we had been here about half hour when we were ordered out on dress parade. Some of us dident go on account of having sore feet. Had we not had an excuse we would have been subject to double duty.
To night we, Lucius, Perkins, Simkins & myself
 
                                                           
 
concluded we would have an oyster supper. Well we had it and as a matter of course had a good time.
 
Saturday Sept 27th/62
 
Alas for the evil effects produced by Morpheus on account of his close embrace I was put on double duty this Morning.
 
Sunday Sept 28th/62
Again God's holy day has come and the demoralization of Camp life is again made manifest. I feel the iron bands of sin being brought nearer around me. Lord deliver me Be merciful to me a sinner. Ended my Guard duty at 6 oclock
 
                                                           
 
My feelings were greatly revived by the coming of Charley Wife & Maggie & Allen. They brought a quantity of presents staid a while and then departed. Heard a sermon in the morning from the text in the 18th verse of 1st Chapt. Ephesians
This morning heard a sermon from Mr Wright from the text in John "Behold the man" Thus ended the proceedings on God's holy day
 
Monday Sept 29th/62
The day commenced by my going on guard. Nothing occured during the day until four oclock when we received marching orders. Got no rest during the night on account of excitement.
 
                                                           
 
Tuesday Sept 30th/62
Left Camp this morning at about 4 oclock and am now sitting on the Covington side of the Ohio River opposite Cincinnati. Am leaning with my back upon my knapsack. March across the Ohio on the pontoon bridge. Marched through Cincinnati to the Little Miami Depot. Remained there until two o'clock having bade adieu to Camp Shaler, Ky & to Cin we took the Marietta train and away we went. We are now passing within two miles of home and are casting a wishful eye toward the place of our childhood, but it was all in vain, notwithstanding home is dear
 
                                                           
 
yet we must consider our Country dearer. We are passing many places but it is useless to note them down. We are passing the Goshen Pike crossing. See Mr Frybarger Oh how much good it does me even to see one acquaintance from home
 
Wednesday Oct 1st/62
We are at Hampden Jackson Co Vinton Co. While here nothing occured save that a poor fellow was shot the ball entering through the left lung. In all probability he will die. Alas for the carelessness of some of the Soldiers with their pistols.
 
                                                           
 
We are now on the train on our way for Portland Ohio. All along the road we are greeted with the cheers of both sexes. How pleasing to the Soldier boys to be greeted by the patriotism of the people and especially the Ladies.
Portland is a small place situated in Jackson Co 25 miles from Gallapolis
The Citizens treat us with great respect
Took supper at a very pleasant place this evening.
 
Thursday Oct 2ond/62
Went to bed last evening with a severe headache. Arose this morning much refreshed
 
                                                           
 
from a good nights sleep took breakfast at the same house that I took supper last evening. We will remain here until tomorrow morning.
 
Fryday Oct 3rd/62
Left Camp Portland this morning and marched 18 miles to this place called Raccoon Creek. Raccoon Creek is a very large stream situated in Gallia Co. We stoped at this place somewhat I became so galded that it was painful to walk Also my feet became very sore. Laid down at night and was soon wraped in the sweet embrace of Morpheus. Thus ended the 1st day of 2ond march.
 
                                                           
 
Saturday
Gallipolis Oct 4th/62
Arrived at Gallipolis this forenoon at 11 o'clock shortly after we arrived it commenced to rain. Gallipolis is situated in Gallia Co. on the Ohio River, having about two thousand inhabitants. It is the military point for shipping provision to western Virginia.
Point Pleasant
W.V. Sunday Oct 5th/62
Left P. Pleasant at about
Left Gallipolis at about 9 o'clock marched about 5 miles up the river until we were opposite P. Pleasant. Crossed Ohio river on the ferry boat Marched about 1 mile into the interior and struck our tents. We are
 
                                                           
 
in Gen Leber's Brigade composed of the 37th Ohio, 89 Ohio & 9th Virginia.
Point Pleasant Western Va. Monday Oct 6th/62 Arose this morning somewhat refreshed from having a good nights rest nothing of importance during the day occured
 
Tuesday Oct 7th 1862
Our whole Com was detailed today for picket duty about three miles from Camp. We were enca stationed in a beautiful grove in front of a rich planters house Remained on duty in
Wednesday Oct 8th
Relieved from duty this morn about 9 o'clock
 
                                                           
 
Yesterday wrote a very long letter to John & Mary
 
Point Pleasant Va
Thursday Oct 8th 1862
Nothing of importance occured during the day except drilling which is an every day occurance save on rainy days
 
Saturday Oct
 
Fryday Oct 18th/62
Drilled about 2 hours this morn which was all during the day on account of rain. It just suited me, as I did not feel like drill. In the evening got orders to detail 40 men for Picket duty. We anticipated a bad time on acct of rain but when morning came it was quite pleasant.
 
                                                           
 
Saturday Oct 11th/62
Arose this morn and prepared for duty at ½ past 7 the Com started out for picket duty and here we are on a very high hill commanding a most beautiful view Today we feasted on Paw-paws had a very pleasant time during the day
 
Sabbath Morning Oct 12/62
Here we are still on picket duty. Last night was very cold. The wind whistled over this bleak place at a rapid rate. This day seems more like Sabbath than any here for some time. Oh that I might be permitted to spend my Sabbaths at home or meet I might
 
                                                           
 
have the advantages of preaching on God's holy day. Our Chaplin came yesterday. And now I am in hopes that we may have the benefit of the preaching of God's holy word. Without the advantages of preaching we become careless. We in fact go backward. Oh God rescue me from the inevitable destruction that surely awaits me. Are the dear ones of home thinking of me to day while away off in Old Virginia may be made quite a question with me
 
Monday Oct 13th/62
Returned from picket duty yesterday afternoon. Today did nothing but drill. We drilled about
 
                                                           
 
3 hours in the forenoon in the afternoon did not drill on acct of rain Passed away the time in lounging around principally in my tent This evening Sargeant Hopkins of Co B came to our tent and I [?] to take a social game of Euchre with him, Sergeant Perkins & L. G. Wainwright. I didnot engage in the game with a clear conscience, although I can see no material harm in it yet there is harm to be derived from it. It undoubtedly diverts the mind from more important subjects. The mind will more or less dwell on it and cause a person to desire playing continually
 
                                                           
 
Tuesday Oct 14th/62
This morning were drawn up before the Capt's tent to decide about drawing blowses which will be much handier than these dress coats.
Wednesday Oct 15/62
Near [?] Co Va 6m miles from Buffalo
 
Wednesday Oct 15th/62
Nothing of importance occured today. The monotony of camp life has been with us for a day or so past
Thursday Oct 16th/62
Still at Point Pleasant nothing new
 
Sunday Oct 19th/62
From Thursday till today nothing has occured worthy
 
                                                           
 
of mention. Had inspection this morn af that heard a sermon from the text "Where one or two are gathered together to in my name there am I in the midst of them" found in the twentieth verse of the eighteenth Chap of Mathew A great deviation from the text was the only fault. Had dinner then and immediately after dinner had a grand review by Gen C. H. with all of our accountrements on after the review while I was just writing a letter to Mary & John we received marching
 
                                                           
 
orders consequently there was no more quiet in Camp. We struck our tents early in the evening but when bed time came we pitched them again without orders, being determined not to sleep out when our blankets had become wet with dew and consequently be heavy on a march
Monday Oct 20th/62
Started from Point Pleasant at sunrise this morning and marched to the Point (Town) and remained there about two hours Then we crossed the Kanahwa[sic] on a pontoon bridge and
 
                                                           
 
away we went, not stopping, only forward until we had marched thirteen miles. We camped right in front of a Secessionist house. Was muched fatiqued from the m'ch. We soon halted two miles this side of our camping place. The Major Helving selected a place there for our Camp but it dident suit the Col who marched on to this place. We m'chd it at quick time being a little wrothed at not being permitted to remain at the first selected Camp.
Tuesday Oct 21st 1862
Thirteen miles from Point Pleasant
                                                over
 
                                                           
 
Arose this morning muched refreshed from last night's sleep. The boys riddled the Old D_v_l's house this morning of all things fit to eat Left our camping place at about 6 o'clock and marched to within one mile of Buffalo the distance being about eight 6 miles here we staid all night
Wednesday Oct 22ond/62
Within one mile of Buffalo Arose this morning had nothing to do until after noon when we rec'd m'ching orders and marched to Buffalo a distance of one mile. There we drew three days rations got our supper
 
                                                           
 
and was started on our march the same night. This march was made up of various kinds of road. For a while we had public road, then again we crossed fields, scrambled up high banks crossed creeks then climbed slippery hills, then slid down the same by sitting down thus we went along until we had marched 7 miles together with the one mile from our camp to Buffalo. We halted for the night on the land of another Secesh. The boys disposed of a great deal of his small property. They
 
                                                           
 
captured a fine lot of honey about one o'clock in the morning, while I was wraped in the sweet embrace of Morpheus. When it came to Camp John Switzer asked me to partake of this feast. Some of the Boys had swollen hands, others had swollen faces, presenting quite a ludicrous appearance.
 
Thursday Oct 23rd/62
Arose this morning and after we had taken our breakfast of hard cracker & coffee we started on our march, marching to Winfield a dis
 
                                                           
 
tance of seven miles. Winfield is a small town situated on the banks of the Kanahwa. Here we halted got our dinner and crossed the river by companies, taking up most of the afternoon. We marched from Red House (a very small place on the opposite side of the river from Winfield) to our camp about one half mile below Red House. After we had halted our tired bodies were greatly refreshed by Doc Thacker, Mr Barber & Mr Wainright coming up on the boat and bringing to a great
 
                                                           
 
many of us wearing apparel for the winter.
Friday Oct 24th/62
Camp near Red House Arose this morning after a good nights rest Bade our friends farewell, and prepared for another march After dinner we started Gen Seter, our Gen being in command. This march was a forced one on account of our advanced forces being in a skirmish with the rebels. We arrived too late they being driven to a retreat. We are now camping where they previously camped. Our Col, Col Rowe says we never marched
 
                                                           
 
better The rebels cut the telegraph wire was about all they did of course they fired a few shells but they did not burst, which must be owned to an overruling Providence. The 34th Zouave & 91st Ohio Regts now occupy their places they fired from [?] camp.
Saturday Oct 25th/62
Mar the town of Pokey
           
We are yet in this camp which the Rebels had, awaiting orders. We are seventeen miles from Charleston. We will march toward there today. And expect to have some fighting before we get
 
                                                           
 
there and a hard one to take it. Lord be thou with me at all times and when in a battle surrounded by death oh be thou my support and should I share the fate of many Soldiers that of being killed grant to receive me into thy Kingdom I ask for Christ's sake—Amen.
 
Near the town of Pokey
Sunday Oct 26th 1862
Ah! Ye chilling blasts of Winter. Ye are hard on the poor Soldier boys. Arose this morning and found the ground shrouded in snow. Last night it rained and soon turned to snow. We are without cloth tents and therefore
 
                                                           
 
have resorted to such as we may have made. Mess No 3 have made one of fence rails and covered it with India Rubber blankets. We are now beginning to experience the hardships of a Soldier's life. The sweetest morsel I ever ate was last night when I drizzled a piece of bacon on the ramrod of my gun. The power of a man's appetite will certainly drive him to eat anything and when so driven that which he eats is sweet to his taste—This is Sunday. It seems just like a weekday. Wood chopping, swearing, singing worthless songs and all the wickedness imaginable is the
 
                                                           
 
characteristic of the Camp. Here I sit at the left end of our long tent where a beating rain can come right in upon me. Thus it goes. Oh that I cld give vent to my hatred toward these infernal de-v-ls. I cld deliberately shoot them down all day
 
Monday Oct 27th 1862
Three miles this side Pokey. Arose this morning and was greeted by the refreshing rays of old Sol which was truly a treat, His having been hid from our view for two days during which time we experienced a most disagreeable storm of cold rain & snow.
 
                                                           
 
Thursday Oct 28th 1862
Nothing of importance but marching. We are making a forward move
 
Wednesday Oct 29th 1862
Mchd about 4 miles today, crossing Ohio river and sleeping for the night at the junction of the Kanawha & Cole rivers
Thursday Oct 30th 1862
Left our Camp this morning at half past ten oclock. Our Com together with three others was detailed as rear guard. We marched 22 miles today, marching through Charleston where the Rebels were strongly fortified, without any trouble. We boys consider that a 22 mile march
 
                                                           
 
was extraordinarily good for a new Regt
Friday Oct 31st 1862
Arose this morning somewhat refreshed although I did not get to bed until after 10 o'clock Suffered a great deal during the night from a severe pain in my right leg caused by the previous day's march Commenced a letter to send home had not an opportunity to finish it as we were ordered to mch. M'ch'd fifteen miles today. Halting for the night where we now are. Am all right except my feet. I think that time will make them all right—
Saturday Nov 1st 1862
Here we are this morning awaiting orders to move
 
                                                           
 
having been notified to be in readiness. I wld be perfectly willing to remain here today. But such a thing as rest, when an Army is making a forward movement, is not to be thought of. Where we are the mountains rise up in splendid grandeur making me ask the question Oh, God what is man, that thou art mindful of him or the son of man, that thou visitest him. Thou charmer of the soul of man thou leadest his inquiring soul to apostrophize of thy magnificence. Marched about ten miles today and camped on Loup Creek in Latin Lup Creek in English Wolf Creek. Right after camping we built a tent of rails and
 
                                                           
 
covered with our rubbers. Arose this morning after a good nights rest. Were ordered out on picket. Went out and halted about ½ mile from camp. After being there a few hours, along came Capt Leeds with his Com' and we started out on scout; and here I am with Perkins, Oliver McClare, & Wainwright before an old shanty awaiting a corn pone for dinner. Oliver is sitting in the door & Perkins, Smith, McClare & Wainwright are sitting around me on the ground. We are up a very narrow defile of the mountain and are about as far up as we can go
 
                                                           
 
We are running a great risk Yet anything to get food.
                                                            Va
At the falls of the Kanawha
Monday Nov 3rd 1862
Left Loup Creek early this morning and came to this place. It is a fit place for the poet's mind. The falls themselves impress the observant mind with the grandeur of God's own works. They bring to my mind the Apostrophe of the Poet to Niagara, Flow on forever in thy glorious robe of [?] and of beauty God has set this rainbow in thy forehead and the clouds mantled around thy feet. And the mountains with their majestic heads towering to the clouds form a
 
                                                           
 
grand in solemn silence form a grand [?] with the echoing torrent
Tuesday Nov 4th 1862
Just one year ago today I commenced teaching school. Can it be that time has flown so rapidly? Yes, time knows not the weight of years this day instead of teaching, I am being taught in the grand military of the United States—The Army. Great have been the changes that have taken place since the 4th of last Nov. Great as they appear, they all are brought about by the hand of an all wise Providence &
 
                                                           
 
consequently work together for good to those who fear the Lord.
 
Wednesday Nov 5 1862
Nothing of importance to note this morning save the 30 of us are on picket at the falls of Mt Kanawha. Our Camp being about ½ mile below. I am sitting on the stump of a tree o'erhanging a cliff 65 feet above the water. It is a place that suits me; as it gives rise to such thoughts as please my mind. Nothing is more interesting to my mind than to contemplate nature and nature's God Thus is it that nature & nature's laws were hid in night. God
 
                                                           
 
said Let Newton be, and all was light
 
Thursday Nov 6, 1862
Camp Cotton Hill Va
Nothing of importance today save the monotony of camp life
 
Friday Nov 7th/62
The same today of as yesterday
 
Saturday Nov 8/62
Today I am troubled with diarrhoea. When nature is mistreated and I suffer from the effects I am prone to feel down hearted. I am fully aware that a cheerful spirit is much more requisite But the mind is very apt to become languid when
 
                                                           
 
disease takes hold of the body
 
Sunday Nov 9th/62
This is a beautiful day! How I wld enjoy the privilege of church & Sabbath school at home. But the drums are beatting the call for all, who desire, to attend preaching by the Chaplin. Although I cannot place the confidence in him I wld like, yet I must go and hear him. Have heard the sermon, was the best one I ever heard him preach. The text was
is in the 12 verse of the third Chap of Hebrews. Take heed
 
                                                           
 
Monday Nov 10th/62
Arose this morning after a good night's rest in our Sibley tent, which we got yesterday. We have a stove in it and So we can bid defiance to winter's cold and chilling blast. Took a good wash right after dinner washing my body all over I am now riding on a small flat boat on the beautiful Kanawha and while we glide smoothly along on its placid bosom and I view the sun sinking in splendor behind the western hills I am wraped in admiration with the beauty of creation as I view her in her miniature form from my position. Verily the heavens declare the
 
                                                           
 
glory of God, and the fermament showeth his handy work. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night, showeth knowledge. From Nov 10th to Nov 18th Nothing has transpired worthy of mention save no letter yet from home. How cheering to the Soldier to hear good news from home.
Nov 19th Wednesday/62
Left Camp Cotton Hill this morning where we have been camped for 2 weeks and mchd over Cotton Mountain to this place. A distance of 6 miles. It is about three miles to the top of the mountain, being continual ascent and also very steep. You no more than reach the
 
                                                           
 
top before you commence descending the southern slope which is about 3 miles in descent and being of a steep descent
Nov 20th Thursday 1862
Camp Fenwick on the southern slope of Cotton Mountain—
This morning I feel under the weather. I attribute it to the march of yesterday It's being very mudy and also up hill, I must have strained myself as the small of my back is quite painful I feel as if it is brought upon me for good from the fact that heretofore I have been enjoying robust health saying to my fellows that i never had better health attributing
 
                                                           
 
it to the Army not attributing it to the blessings of God. Oh Lord make my mind to dwell more upon thee and upon the blessings thou art daily bestowing upon me. Consider thou my weakness and give me strength according to my day. Our position here is much more desirable in point of health than in Camp Cotton Hill at that place we were right on the bank of the Kanawha and surrounded with mountains which causes the place to be unhealthy. There the sun did not make his appearance until about 11 oclock on account of the mountains. Here the atmosphere is pure and Old Sol can be
 
                                                           
 
seen to rise in all his majesty. There, even ciribryation seemed to be still behind the vail. Here it can be seen in a some what improved state
 
Fryday Nov 21st 1862
 
Feel rather poorly today and feel fully satisfied that the march from Camp Cotton Hill hurt me
Saturday Nov 22ond/62
Still unfit for duty since we arrived we have been employed in chopping logs for our winter quarters
 
Sunday Nov 23rd/62
Inspection this morning immediately after half of the Company
 
                                                           
 
went out to guard the telegraph. Returned in the evening. The day seemed more like God's holy day than any has for some time.
 
Monday Nov 24th 1862
Left Camp Fenwick this morning and came to Fayetteveille. And here we have been Where we now are. We came here as guards for the telegraph which is being constructed between here and Ganly River forming direct communication with Washington
 
Tuesday Nov 25th/62
Today took a stroll over the Battlefield. The battle was fought here on the 10th of last Sept 1862 Everything has the appearance of dread
 
                                                           
 
desolation. The force of the enemy is reported at 14000 Inft strong & 1800 Cavalry. Our force was but 800 strong. They fought nobly and held their position until night when they retreated Notwithstanding they were in a manner surrounded by the enemy. The many graves scattered o'er the fields show the loss of both sides. Our loss is estimated at about 20 the enemies at about 150. While we have been here I have enjoyed two or three good dinners of Coffee, warm biscuit, sorghum molasses and pie which I have not had before since I left Portland.
Times when with Regt
 
                                                           
 
From Nov 25th 1862 to Dec 9th 1863 I have no memorandum a part of the time being in Marietta and the ballance in Cincinnati and all the time with Genl Cox as clerk for his Adjt General—Maj G. M. Bascom, 'tis a source
 
"[Latin phrase]"
of great regret to me that I have so neglected keeping an account of the daily occurrances while at those two places. however, 'tis past and I'll abide the consequences
                                                [?]
 
                                                           
 
Covington Ky Dec 9th 1863
Left Cincinnati today at 12 M. for Knoxville Tenn have gotten this far and am now waiting for the train. Am yet at Gen'l J D Cox's Hd Qrs and am going with him.
Clay's Ferry Ky Dec 10th 1863
Left Lexington this morning at 10-30 passed thro' a most beautiful part of the country—The garden of Kentucky—and are now here awaiting dinner. The scenery here is truly grand. The high rocks rise up from the river's banks in grandeur, verily the "Heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth his handy work" Are now stopping at Mr Jones where we will remain over night. he is a very hospitable &
 
                                                           
 
wealthy man
Dec 11th 1863
We are now half way up Big Hill and are awaiting a train of 200 waggons. 'tis amusing to hear the numerous expressions of the drivers. The road is wretchedly poor The scenery thus far on the road has been grand. hill as well as dale is crowned with the glory of God. Are now at Gouldings where we will stay for the night. Our trip from Big Hill is one long to be remembered. Coming down a very large hill wide enough but one wagon to pass. Invalid horses lay in the road. Mercy for the poor brutes forbade our driving
 
                                                           
 
over them hence the only alternative was to shoot them which we did reluctantly. Alas! for the horrors of war. Stopped for the night at the Widow Jackson's
Sunday Dec 12th 1863
Camp London. Have come 8 miles over a much [?] road. On leaving Jacksons her daughters sent Lipper and me an apple each by West saying we were the best looking fellows they ever saw. All hail Kentucky Belles.
Dec 13th/63
Nothing of interest today the roads are emphatically bad. The General stopped at Mr McHurds, but we did not catch up night having overtaken us. hence
 
                                                           
 
we stopped at the first house we came to which happened to be a small cabin having but one room                             Let the mind uncover of the import of the blank.
Dec 14th/63
Left McHurds this morning quite early. had a most disagreeable ride and stopped for the night at Mr Perry's 5 miles from the Cumberland River. There was a greater manifestation of civilization in their domicile than I've met since we left the [?]
Dec 15th/63
Crossed the Tenn and Ky line in the latter part of the day the line is marked by a stone near which stands a house situate in
 
                                                           
 
both states. rather inconvenient for paying taxes I opine. Stopped for the night at Mr
Dec 16th/63                             this
morning I commenced the ascent of Pine Mount on horse back. I'm now on top and seated on a ragged cliff. The landscape below is magnificent. The beautiful valley irrigated by a charming little rivulet and surrounded by the huge mountain barriers of the Cumberland range wraps the mind in pensive tho't Thou who was, is and forever will be, art onmipotent. The mountains where jagged tops rise in majesty to the clouds declare it. The streams that wash
 
                                                           
 
their rocky sides murmur it and the moaning wind sweeping thro' the leafless branches of the mighty oak and the evergreen pine proclaim it. Yea Nay all nature echos it
 
Dec 17th/63
Rose this morning quite early and commenced our march. I am now seated on a cliff on Cumberland Mountain and am enraptured with the view afforded me in the dim distance. Mountain peering over mountain now forms the landscape. where frowning peaks are lost in the clouds of heaven, now form the animating landscape On a spur of the mountain opposite me is a cleared spot made so by
 
                                                           
 
the Rebels, where they had their batteries planted for the purpose of sweeping the narrow gap on this side: but foolish and useless enterprise! soon were they forced to abandon their elaborate constructions and seek safety in the rear midst of their pri main army and thus 'twill be henceforth soon will they sheath the sword so foolishly drawn and seek safety and food beneath the flag we love so well
Dec 18th 1863
Staid all night at Jacksborro, 'tis a place—yet the county seat of Campbell county, Tenn. Are stopping at the Widow Longmires for the night. had quite a pleasant time. Slept in the house on the
 
                                                           
 
floor.
Dec 19th Knoxville Tenn
Left the widows this morning at 8 o'clock and after a tedious ride of 19 miles arrived at this place. All hail to the once besieged city. Knoxville appears to have been once a beautiful place but the [?] of war has swept over it and it merely stands as if in a lethargic slumber true there is quite a stir but 'tis all military. There seems to be a prospect of another siege being carried layed the Rebels seem determined to retake the place but useless will be their effort.
Sunday Dec 20th/63
Near Blains X Roads Arrived Left Knoxville at one o'clock today and came to this place. Mr Campbell—a reported secession
 
                                                           
 
ist. We clerks made use of his kitchen for the purpose of cooking our meals notwithstanding his better half was manifestly opposed to it
Dec 21. Near Blains X Roads
Left Campbells this morning and arrived at this place after a most disagreeable ride of 12 miles. Mud and devastation rule supreme hereabouts, but devastation is over and above the mud.
Dec 22d 1863
            Nothing of importance today
Dec 23d
            Same as yesterday. O for full issue of rations. Sponge off of John, the Gen'l's cook for something to eat
Dec 24
            Got fully under headway now in the
 
                                                           
 
A.A.Gs.O.
Dec 25—Christmas
A beautiful day dawns upon us. Were I home I w'ld have a good meal, however, the kindness of the Gen'l was manifested in tendering an invitation to partake of his repast which by the by was good—all things considered.
Dec 26—1863
            Nothing of importance in the evening rec' orders to move from this place to Strawberry Plains.
Dec 27th 1863 Sunday StrawB Plns
Left Blain's XRoads at about 12 oclock and arrived at this place after a very muddy ride We clerks rode in the Ambulance. one of the horses fell down in a mud puddle thereby causing us to
 
                                                           
 
come to a halt. the result was we boys had to dismount in the mud. I had on shoes cause why my foot was sore. While standing on a rail wondering if I would have to manifest my strength in assisting the poor animal up from his disagreeable position I slipped off into the mud and over shoe top I went getting gloriously muddy. The horse's condition was forgotten by being bro't to a full realization of my own muddy condition. to add to the pleasure of the ride we were favored with rain which is yet coming down on us in gentle yet searching drops 'twas indeed disagreeable for us to pitch our tents and move in to sleep in them after they were up. so much so in fact that I and Rhodes patronized a waggon in preferance, and notwithstanding, sore
 
                                                           
 
feet, sore arse bad cold and to cap the climax I was wet, I had a comfortable night's rest
Strawberry Plains Dec 28th 1863
Nothing of importance today save an addition of two more clerks to the HdQrs. They formerly belonged to the same and bro't with them a good cook and cooking utensils both of which we stood greatly in need of and of course were rejoiced to see. previous to that we subsisted off of the hospitality of John the Genl's cook, who by the by he will always be held in high esteem by me for past favors
Dec 29th 1863
Nothing of importance today save a good dinner—on roasted goose—gotten up in No. 1 style
Dec 30th 1863
            On status quo.
 
                                                           
 
Dec 31st 1863
The last day of the year. the question comes to me how have I spent the past year? for shame I remain silent. I know I've not spent it as I should—far from it. things I ought not to have done, have I done and that I should have done, I have left undone. May I be pardoned for my the gross neglect of my whole duty
The events of the past year are such as will live on the pages of history. Our Army has made great advancement in crushing the Rebellion—may the coming year be fraught with as great if not more momentous victories than formerly. Thou that ruleth the destinies of Nations, in thy hands rests our success. May we as
 
                                                           
 
a Nation fully appreciate the truth so much as to say from our hearts Lord not our will, but thine be fully done.
January 1st 1864. Tenn
All hail to the advent of the New Year. Surely it comes fraught with mighty issues—issues upon which hangs the destiny of our noble Nation. War is waging wide desolation o'er our great country. 'tis that which places me here and 'tis that which has given us one of the grandest Armies the world ever saw. Yet even with it we can do naught if we do not look to a higher power for our success.
Our cook favored us with a good dinner today of roasted goose I may say that the only inconvenience experienced therefrom was having eaten too much.
 
                                                           
 
can it be that I gormandized fortune forbid—rather satisfied the yearning of an almost insatiate appetite, superinduced by being without a sufficient quantity of food for quite a number of days
Strawberry Plains Jan 2d 1864
Nothing of interest today—to one who desires occupation how disagreeable to experience the monotony of Camp life. no opportunity is offered for the improvement of the mind. and when the mind is at a stand still there is no advancement but most evidently a retrograde
 
Jan 3d 1864
Sabbath has dawned upon us. I'm led to exclaim "In the Army God's holy day bearly exists in name. 'twould indeed be better for us as a nation and especially as an Army could we
 
                                                           
 
cease from work on this day and devote ourselves entirely to the worship of God—in whose hands rests our every destiny. Our noble President—Commander in Chief of the Army advises it and cannot his subordinates abide by it? true the exigencies of the service sometimes demand action on this day but imperative necessities do not come every Sabbath.
 
Jan 4th 1864
Arose this morning spent the day thus and so and then retired
Jan 5th 1864
Yesterday has passed and tomorrow has dawned upon me
Jan 6th 1864
The day has passed and evening has come—
"See, the sun is gently setting;
 
                                                           
 
Watch the last faint glimmering streak,
As he sinks in all his glory
Far beyond yon mountain peak;
Fainter still, his rays grow fainter
As recedes the parting day:
See him sinking as he lingers
And while smiling, seems to say
            "Good night, Good night"
 
Jan 7th 1864
Nothing of importance save we are on half rations
 
Jan 8th/64
            Short of rations
Jan 9th/64
            Aut pabulum Aut nihil. the whole Army may say it Nothing to eat has become a matter of fact. But notwithstanding the almost nude state of the Army and the scarcity of food, cheerfulness reigns supreme. they are truly patriots who are happy even
 
                                                           
 
tho' starvation stares them in the face
Jan'y 10th/64
                        Sabbath again. rations emphatically short.
January 4th 1864
            Nothing of importance
rations short.
January 12th 1864
            We now have plenty to eat and having a good cook that which we eat, we relish
 
Jany 13th
            Prospects of a move rations short.
Jany 14th
            My theme of tho't now is my Returns for the month of December. the Command has been so mixed up as to make it quite difficult to complete them. N.B. rations short
Jan'y 15th
Have succeeded in
 
                                                           
 
finishing my reports and my friends and all. I am rejoiced
 
Jan'y 16th 1864
                                    Left Strawberry
Plains this morning for Dandridge Tenn—The ride was rather a pleasant one. Made more so than it otherwise would have been from the fact that I had a horse to ride instead of riding in the Ambulance. We stopped for the night at Dr Caldwells where we got the best meal we have had since we've been in Tenn. Also a glass of fine Blackberry wine
January 17th 1864
Dandridge Tenn
Left Caldwells quite early in the morning after we had partook of a real good
 
                                                           
 
breakfast; and arrived at this place about 1 oclock We are now very close to the enemies line. Yesterday our men had quite a brisk fight with them and drove them some 2 or 3 miles.
4 oclock P.M.
Our troops have met the enemy again. There's an awful grandeur in the sound of the musketry, while ever and anon amid the roll the humming canon belches forth destruction. Yet while I am enraptured with the fearful sound my heart grows sick with from the idea that many a poor soldier lies [?] in his own gore. Arrangements were being made for building a bridge across the river—French [?]
 
                                                           
 
by which our troops could flank the enemy. the enterprise was entrusted to Genl Sheridan. When he had finished it and all things were tho't to be in readiness, what was our great astonishment to find that he had only built it to an Island taking it for the opposite shore. History will record it as a joke against him
We are now retreating and it was on account of his manifest stupidity that we are now doing it instead of our flanking the enemy they were flanking us.
 
Monday Jany 17th
We are now again at Strawberry Plains. Having commenced our march at half past
 
                                                           
 
six in the morning previously
halting at 3½ oclock.
the Rebs followed us closely camping the following day where we camped the day previous
 
Jan'y 18th 1864 Ramsey's Ford
            Left Strawberry Plains at about 12 oclock today and came to this place distance 3 miles
Jany 19th
            Are yet at Ramsey's ford having a most beautiful camping ground
Jan'y 20th in 7 miles of Knoxville
            Left Ramsey's ford this morning and had not proceeding on our journey but a few miles (about 2) when there was heavy cannonading in our rear which proved to have been on the opposite side of the river from our Hd Qrs the bridge above having been destroyed the Rebel Cavalry
 
                                                           
 
tried to cross at the ford but were held in check by the 2nd Div of the 23rd Corps under command of Brig Genl M. D. Hanson. the Artillery did the most effective work.
 
Jan'y 21st 1864
            Knoxville Tenn
Arrived here late this afternoon and had been here but a short time before news came that the enemy were withing four (4) miles of town leaving one to infer that they were close in our rear all day.
Jany 22ond 1864
Have a most beautiful camping ground in the front yard (lawn at that) of of a very fine residence occupied by a reported Union man and which is situated on the banks of the Holston
 
                                                           
 
River affording a most beautiful view of the surrounding country
 
Jan 23rd
            In statu quo—rations short
 
Jany 24th
            Nothing new—rations short
 
Jan 25th
            Rhodes took his departure for his Regt having been ordered there
            Rations Short
Jan 26th 1864
 
Finished my reports today and now feel quite easy at heart for a time
Feb 2d 1864
            Wrote to Father today.
 
                                                           
 
Feb 21st 1864 Knoxville
Wrote home today. the letter was No. 3
Feby 25th. 1863 [sic]
Am 21 years old today. Can it be? Ah ye cicles of remorseless time. Ye know not the weight of years. I've arrived arrived at the years state of manhood in point of years—have I in point of character. past actions for the past few months prove to the contrary. Need I again make resolutions. Many have I made, and all of them broken. I'm awake to the fact that its as easy to be good as 'tis to be bad. admitting that there be certain helpers in the former case, man needs the aid of the Holy Spirit to combat against
 
                                                           
 
the subtle workings of Satan and his minions.
I will make a resolve. Yet with provisos.
If it be thy will thou most high God I will from this time forth try to walk as becometh a follower of thee. I am weak and sinful and of myself can do nothing, but while I am so Thou art strong and mighty, and able to save all them that call upon thee Grant therefore to create within me a clean heart and renew a right spirit. Make me to say, "Lord I believe help thou my unbelief." Be merciful to me a sinner.
 
Feb. 25th 1864
Wrote No. 4 home this morning. Wrote to [?] Sims. F 26th wrote No 5 home
Feb. 28th 1864. Wrote No 6 home today
 
                                                           
 
Knoxville Mch. 5th 1864
Wrote Nos. 7 and 8 home today
and also sent $50—
 
Mch. 6th 1864
            Had the pleasure of seeing Theodore Nichols today he looks well and hearty
 
Mch 9th 1864.
            Wrote No 9 home today. The weather is most beautiful. All nature seems lit up. The Lord reigneth. let the people rejoice. Recd No 1 from home March 10th. Recd No 2. from home and heard from Rhodes at Chattanooga
March 11th 1864
After a heavy rain last night Sol rises this morning in unclouded splendor. Spring has come, the birds proclaim it, the budding of the trees declare it and the gutteral songs of the thousand frogs that inhabit the numerous pools confirm its
 
                                                           
 
advent—Wrote No. 10 home today.
Wrote to Rhodes.
March 13th 1864. Morristown
Left Knoxville this morning and arrived at this place after a most disagreeable ride on the cars of 42 miles. Had been here but a short time before the Army was drawn up in line of battle. All of which resulted in nothing the enemy's Cavalry drove in our videtts and then retreated hastily.
 
[margin]
 
finished on following page
 
March 14th
Wrote home today (No 11)
Knoxville 17th
Returned to this place this morn last evening on business connected with HeadQuarters
Knoxville 18
            Wrote No 12 home today
 
                                                           
 
Morristown Tenn
Evening March 13th 1864
Left Knoxville this morning at 8:45 and arrived here at 2 P.M.
Had been here but a short time, before our videtts were driven in the 23d A.C. were immediately formed in line, but there being no further demonstrations on the part of the enemy the line was dispersed.
It seems natural to be in the field again the country for miles around seems lit up by the camp fires of the Army
The wind is howling thro' the trees and the shrill notes of the bugle announcing to the wearied soldier that he may
 
                                                           
 
retire to his humble couch, joining in the chorus,wraps the arms in contemplative tho't Our Army has made another advance, and may it be hoped that it is not Dandridge No. 2. Let us hope for success: and in hoping let us not trust to our own strength but look to him who ruleth in the Armies of heaven as well as among the inhabitants of men earth. Let us have faith and in having faith let us fully appreciate the fact that it is the substance of things hoped for and the evidence of things yet to come
 
                                                           
 
Knoxville March 20th/64
Wrote No 13 home today
Answered Billy Thackers letter. Heard from Sallie C. Bon—
Knoxville Mch 21st/64
Wrote to Mary and John today and also to Len. Hurston.
 
Knoxville Mch 22d/64
            'Tis snowing at a rapid rate today, and is decidedly the heaviest snow storm we've had this winter
Recd No 4 from home today Also heard from Moses Frybarger Esq. Mch 24. Recd No 5 from home
March 25th 1864
Wrote No. 14 home today
Wrote to Mr Frybarger.
 
March 26th
Wrote to C. H.
 
                                                           
 
March 27th 1864
Tis Sabbath. God holy day—A day of rest—Heard a good sermon today from the text found in the verse of Cha 34th & 35th of Luke verses of the 20th Chapter of Saint Luke's Gospel.
 
The death of our Lord and Savior was commendably orated and though I felt unworthy to partake of his broken body and blood shed for the remission of my many many sins yet I was made to feel that it was good to be there.
I have renewed my vow with my God. Lord have mercy upon me. Create within me a cleaner heart and renew a right spirit
 
                                                           
 
Thou alone canst make me a better boy. thou alone canst imbue me with that strength which will enable me to resist the the innumerable temptations with which I am surrounded.
Lord take from me all impure thought and instill into my mind pure and holy ones such as become a follower of thee.
Wrote No 15 home today.
March 28th 1864.
Heard from Mary and John today also from Rhodes who is at Chattanooga
What a good letter I recd from John. One which is calculated to ease one whose mind is troubled—troubled for his many sins. Sins com
 
                                                           
 
mitted since I've come in the Army. How I have manifested my weakness of character in giving away as I have to the temptations which have beset me, Instead of boldly resisting them and calling on my God for support. The Army is the place to determine ones real piety weak is he in the faith who cannot resist the evil which besets him on all sides while battling for his Country. I have been weak in the faith. I have crucified my Saviour anew by my sinful actions. From this time forth may I grow in grace and in the knowledge of my Lord and Savior
 
March 29th 1864
Recd No 6 from home today. Heard from Geo Thacker.
 
                                                           
 
Knoxville Mch 31st 1864
Recd No. 7 from home today.
Wrote No. 16 home.
Knoxville April 1st 1864
Wrote to Sallie Bon
April 1st—All fools day!
One year ago today was in Marietta Ohio. Little tho't then I w'ld be here now.
Oh blindness to the future kindly given
That each may fill the circle marked by heaven.
Sabbath April 3d 1864
Heard an able sermon today from the text found in the latter part of the 11 verse of the 2d Chapter of 2d Timothy "For if we be dead with Christ we shall also live with him
Wrote No. 17 home today
April 4th 1864
Raining all day. Sergt Robinson took tea with me. He's
 
                                                           
 
a real companionable fellow, belongs to the 15th Ills. lives in Viola Ills. is quite advanced in years being 56 or 7. Am laboring under a disagreeable inconvenience today that of swallowing occasioned by a sore throat
Our troops are now at Bulls Gap where the Rebs were only a short time ago. The Enemy are said to be out of the State. should the report be true, I attribute it to the event of Grant thrashing Richmond. I devoutly hope that he may succeed in capturing that place. then will I be ready to exclaim "The beacon light of hope beams in fullness on our Nation. Am expecting to go to the front have been here for some time by order of Genl S.
 
                                                           
 
Gen'l Cox is said to be going to take command of the 35 Div of 23d Corps My opinion is that he is too good an officer to have so infirm a command. Monotony reigns almost supreme. O for some social enjoyment, for some associations that will feed the mind with thought. Happy indeed is he who can feel the wholesome attraction of social forces and yet keep his mind poised upon its own centre and tied to its own orbit
In all monotonous places as in all stagnant pools and marshes deadly miasmas lurk and nothing is more frequent among persons placed in monotonous situations than the alternation of gloom and irratability
 
                                                           
 
fits of sullen silence broken by flashes of petulant temper—like forked lightning from the dark and heavy cloud. Such association is like earth without the Sun to cheer, and vary and transform her elements and existences by solar gravity, light, heat and electricity. Yet withal it must be borne in mind that there is moderation in all things.—Even the sunshine may scorch our gardens blind our eyes and dry our springs
 
To all of us there is some social power that tends to be our central sun, and be the solar arbitrer of our destiny
April 6th 1864.
Wrote No 18 home today
 
                                                           
 
Knoxville April 8th 1864
Head Quarters are again established here.
            Have Head Quarters in the McPherson house formerly occupied by 9 Corps Head Qrs.
April 10th 1864
Wrote No 19 home today forgot to number the letter. No news from home yet.
April 11th 1864
Heard from Mr Guthrie his letter is quite interesting. Wrote No 20 home advocating the full support of and cooperation with Mr Guthrie while persecuted as he is by a set of traitors—
Heard from Frank Bradley and answered the letter
 
                                                           
 
Knoxville April 12th 1864
Wrote to Mr Guthrie. No letter from home yet. Wrote to Billy Thacker.
April 13th 1864
            No letter from home yet. I fear they have neglected to write papers have been recd but no letters to tell me they are well and happy. Wrote to Gov. Tod relative to my commission in the 5th U.S.[?].I.
Sergt Robinson lives 25 miles south of Rock Island—take stage on Rock Island and Monmouth Road to Viola must go and see him when the War is over. he's a fine fellow
April 14th 1864
Wrote No 21 home. No letter from there tho'!
Got my box brought which did me good cost for transportation 12.25
 
                                                           
 
April 16th 1864
Yet no news from home. What may occur during the day to bring me a joyful messenger from home is a question which I am anxious to have solved.
 
April 17th 1864
Heard from Wm B. Thacker and wrote to same
Wrote No 22 home
 
April 19th 1864 Tuesday.
Wrote No 23 home.
Recd orders today reorganizing the Corps, which now can vie with any in the Army Prospects of moving into the field again
No news from home. O dear what can the matter be!!
 
                                                           
 
April 20th 1864 Wednesday
 Recd No 9 from home today
Also heard from Rhodes
Wrote No 24 home.
 
April 22nd 1864
Wrote to Rhodes—sent him my Photo
April 23d 1864
Heard from Wm Bradley—Minnie—and John (No 1)
 
April 24th 1864
Wrote No 25 home. Wrote to Wm also.
Wrote to Brad also heard from him through Col Treat who arrived this evening from the North. Heard a good and practical sermon from the text found in the fore part of 25th v. of 16th Chap. Luke
April 25th 1864
Wrote to Minnie. Wrote to John and Mary. No. 2
 
                                                           
 
April 26th 1864
Heard from Sallie Bon today. Wrote to same sent "Photo"
Wrote No 26 home.
 
April 27th
Wrote a brief note home
No 27
 
April 29th 1864
Recd orders to move to Charleston Tenn tomorrow
 
April 30th 1864—Charleston Tenn
Left Knoxville this morning and arrived here at 3 oclock. passed through a most beautiful part of the country
 
May 1st 1864
Nothing of importance this morning.
Wrote No 28 home. Recd No 11 from there.
 
                                                           
 
Cleveland May 3d 1864
Recd No 13 from home
 
May 4th 1864
            Wrote No 29 home
Answered Thacker's letter
May 5th 1864
Nothing new, will move in a few days.
Wrote to Minnie Paullin in answer to the question "Do you drink intoxicating liquors?"
Recd No 14 from home.
Heard from C. H.
Recd No 14 from home.
May 7th 1864
Cleveland Tenn.
Wrote No 30 home.
 
May 8th 1864
Wrote No 31 home.
Wrote to Billy Thacker.
This is God holy day. Heard a sermon from the text
 
                                                           
 
found in in the 17th verse of the 13 Chap of John.
If ye know these things happy are ye if ye do them. Last evening while taking a walk with two of my fellow Clks we chanced to pass by a Ch'ch where service was being held My conscience smote me after I had gone by and I proposed that we enter the house of God. we did so and I can say it was good for me to be there as I heard a very practical sermon from the text found in the 2d verse of the 32d Chap of Isaiah.
 
                                                Oh that I
had more of the spirit of Christ within me. I feel my utter unworthiness of the blessings of God upon me. Lord be merciful to
 
                                                           
 
me a sinner!
 
May 11th 1864
Recd orders to move will leave at about two oclock for the front.
 
Ultiwa Tenn. May 11th
Arrived here at about 7 oclock P.M. having traveled fifteen miles.
 
Chattanooga May 12th/64
Arrived here at about three (3) o'clock are awaiting orders. marched fifteen miles today. My feet are pretty sore as I've not been in the habit of marching for some seventeen months. Horses couldn't be gotten for us clerks hence we had to resort to foot exercise.
 
                                                           
 
Chattanooga Tenn May 13th
Wrote No 32 home
Recd No 15 from there
 
May 15th 1864
Wrote No 33 home
Heard from John,
Mr Guthrie and Bradley—
May 17th 1864
Dalton Ga Left Chattanooga this morning and after a most tedious ride arrived here.
 
May 18th 1864
Resaca Ga
Left Dalton this morning and arrived at this place Twas here our Army had a hard fight with the enemy has whipped them effectually.
 
                                                           
 
Kingston Ga May 19th/64
Left here R. this morning and after a most [?] ride reached this place
 
May 31st 1864
Heard from Minnie answered same day
 
June 1st 1864
Heard from Sallie and recd No__
In front Dallas Ga
June 2nd 1864
Wrote No 36 home
            wrote to Sallie C. H. recd No 20 & 21
June 4th/64
Wrote No 37 home
June 5th 1864
Wrote No 38 home
 
June 25th 1864
Brot a bucket of water to clean Bassett
 
                                                           
 
July 10th 1864
Wrote to Sallie Bon
Wrote No 47 home
 
Oct 21st Gaylesville Ala.
Arrived here last evening. Left Decatur Ga. Oct 4th 1864
 
Oct 24th 1864 Gaylesville Ala
Received a detail at Genl Sherman's Hd Qrs
 
Kingston Ga. Nov 12th
Left the above place this morning and travelled til late in the evening
 
Nov 13th Marietta Ga
Arrived here in good season this afternoon
 
Atlanta Ga. Nov 14th
Arrived here this evening after a most disagreeable march of 20 miles
 
                                                           
 
Atlanta Ga. Nov 15th 1864
Have lain still today while the Army has been employed in destroying this City tho' 'tis a sad sight thing to think of yet it is none the less necessary and also grand to look upon. Tonight the heavens present one lurid glare. This is our last days sojourn in the Gate City—tomorrow—but stop tomorrow has not yet dawned. "'tis nowhere to be found, sure in the fools calandar" Genl Sherman feels confident of success in his contemplated enterprise. May success attend him and if it does the prestige of his fame will far exceed that of any of his company.
The past three days have also been employed in destroying the railroad
 
                                                           
 
between here and Kingston. Truly thus much of Georgia has been sadly devastated and what yet remains in the future would almost cause his Excellency Gov. Brown to to give up in despair. Beauregard thinking to draw our Genl from off the ground gained during the summer campaign, lodged his Army in our rear and is now ensconced around Corinth and Tuscambia where our Commander in Chief hopes he will enjoy himself. But the idea may be nurtured that when the French gentleman finds that he was not followed on the fools errand and but on the contrary indeed that Genl Sherman is pushing down into the heart of
 
                                                           
 
Georgia, he will be more or less surprised and may institute a rapid pursuit That being in the future let's await developments during the coming month.
 
11 miles north east of Atlanta Ga
Nov 16th 1864
                        Left Atlanta this morning on one of the grandest raids yet chronicled in the annals of the present war. After marching six miles we arrived at Decatur where Genl Schofield had Hd Qrts for a month. then I was with him. the place looked quite natural and bro't to memory my old associates remaining in D— but a few minutes we took up our lines of march and the roads being very poor we made rapid advance
 
                                                           
 
ment and soon got here the country passed thro' was tolerably good.
My feet are quite sore from the effect of my #16 boots which were too small for me and having to walk the day I bot them pinched my pedal extremeties most wretchedly and my throat is somewhat better. I was frightened about it last evening as I could scarcely swallow, the tonsils being wonderfully badly macerated but a steady application of sage tea in the form of a wash has bro't it to the present improved state. All of the above ailments may be justly attributed the great economical ideas of C.H. Jr. C.H. I am pleased that you are possessed with that virtue but
 
                                                           
 
let me advise you not to make that use of it which will bring your good judgement into question. As it most certainly did in the question of boots.
 
Nov 17th 1864. Near Yellow Point
            Arose this morning before sun-rise about 2 hours. had breakfast and started on our march. nothing impeded our advance and we made 14 miles by half past one o'clock. the country passed thro' was much better than that gone over yesterday but few troops have been this far in Ga. In fact none further than Lithonia which we passed thro' today and is about 45 miles from Atlanta—is rather a nice place (?) for Ga. The next town passed thro' was
 
                                                           
 
Conyers and is about half the size of Milford O.—is the most respectable looking village I've yet seen in this state many of the houses are deserted. why I dont know. we are quite pleasantly located this evening. the rail road runs by Hd Qrts—which by tomorrow will be numbered among the things that were, as the troops are busily engaged in tearing up the track and burning the ties. One would think that after marching all day the poor fellows would not feel like laboring so hard, but 'tis quite the reverse if we are to draw our inferance from the unusual merriment that pervades them.
How rapidly devastation is being spread throughout the State. Four days ago
 
                                                           
 
the people of this section little tho't that the "Yanks" would be among them. But 'tis War! War for the restoration of Right! Right, which the traitors of our land sought to take from us, thus bringing sorrow and ruin on themselves.
While I speak of our enemies bringing sorrow and despair on themselves I am reminded that it is a very proper figure to apply to my own self in a religious sense. I am in open rebellion with my God and unless I repent and come to my Heavenly Father and ask his forgiveness I will bring sorrow to myself. Lord I pray thee to have mercy on and make me good, for without thee I am poor indeed.
 
                                                           
 
In the Field Ga. Nov 18th 1864
Arose this morning at five (5) o'clock and took up the line of march at seven (7). The whole day was employed in going eight (8) miles, because of the lengthy train of wagons ahead of us. Our course has been about due east today. the country passed over has been tolerably good. forage for both man and beast, abundant. passed to the left of Oxford and in the course of a half hour afterward came to Covington the capital of this County—Newton. C. is quite a pretty little place, having had, before the war, about 2000 inhabitants. The denizens now seem to be chiefly women and old men. The fact is becoming more and more evident that all the young men of the South are in the Army of Jeff Davis
Making no halt in Covington
 
                                                           
 
we soon came to the Ulcofauhatchee River known to the people of this section by the queer contraction—Alcovy. How singular it is that custom so frequently butchers up language.
We have Hd Qrts in the yard of an old fellow who deserted his home this morning leaving all his slaves (about 20) behind. He was undoubtedly a man of wealth, but certainly had no pride, as his domicil is not much better, if any, than his niggers. Why he left? because of ignorance. many of the citizens are so ignorant and foolish as to think we will injure them bodily. While I am writing there is a band in front of Hd Qrts discoursing sweet music. I am reminded of home sweet home, and it many, many happy asso
 
                                                           
 
ciations. Father, Mother, Sisters how I would love to be with you all tonight. God bless and protect and in time reunite me with you.
 
In the Field Nov 19th Ga.
Broke up camp this morning at 7 o'clock, 'twas raining traveled about fifteen miles the country passed over was good. plenty of forage. Passed through Newbern are now on the Milledgeville road and about forty five miles from that place. I wonder what Gov Brown and the rest of the denizens of M. are thinking of by this time?
Camped on the left side of the Milledgeville road and are four miles from Shady Dale. My throat is apparantly well, nothing troubles me now but sore feet caused by
 
                                                           
 
the #16 boots and an anxiety for the welfare of Father and Mother.
By the way of remark—Sprague and I are talking of home. We propose coming over this evening (only about 1500 miles) saying how'dy' and returning. Strange fancy!
7 o'clock P.M. sent up three huge rockets as signals for Genl Howard who has the Right and Genl Slocum who has the Left Wing of the Army on the march.
 
Nov. 20th/64
Nothing occured today of any importance
Nov 21st/64
            Are quartered in the house of Wm Vaughan Esq. who was formerly a member of the Georgia Legislature. Stripped him
 
                                                           
 
almost bare of every thing
Nov 22d
Marched about 8 miles today and camped for the night on the plantation of Howell Cobb who is now a Major Genl C.S.A.
Nov 23d 1864 Milledgeville
Arrived here about one o'clock this afternoon and are now quartered in the Executive Mansion which is rather an ordinary building. the Gov. left on the 17th Ult taking everything with him. This is not as fine a looking place as I had supposed It is small and there are no buildings which reflect any credit on it. the State house is passibly good
 
                                                           
 
Nov 24th 1864
Left Milledgeville this morning at 8 o'clock and made a march of 14 miles to this place. the country passed over was very poor a great deal of it being the pine swamps.
 
Nov 25th 1864
            Broke camp this morning at 5 o'clock had marched but a short distance when we were delayed by a swamp over which the troops had to march before us it requiring a great deal of time
After crossing the above swamp we proceeded on our journey without molestation til we arrived at Buffalo Swamp where we found the enemy had destroyed
 
                                                           
 
the bridge which however was soon replaced by one of our pontons. Our advance had a slight skirmish with the enemy this afternoon.
Heavy cannonading was heard on the Right this evening. Our course today has been very nearly due East, & have traveled about six (6) miles
 
Nov 26th 1864. Sandersville Ga
Arrived here this afternoon in good season, having traveled but five (5) miles There was quite heavy skirmishing before we entered this place. Wheelers cavalry are opposing us. He is said to have commanded the skirmish line in person today. He even presumed to skirmish with us through the town Genl Sherman
 
                                                           
 
thought him quite foolish. This is quite an ordinary place, the county seat of Washington county. Very nearly all the inhabitants had left when we entered the place The soldiers made no discrimination as to entering houses today. every house suffered more or less. Our course today has been about due East. We are making the Rebels suffer There is now one at the door of the tent saying 'I am stripped' Our response is in the form of the question Who is to blame?
 
Nov 27th Sandersville station
            Left Sandersville this morning in good season reaching this place in the course of an hour
 
                                                           
 
or two, having traveled but about 2½ miles cut the railroad (the Ga. Central) here which is the only road by which supplies can reach Lee's Army from this State. burnt the Depot and tore things up generally
Nov 28 Nothing of importance
Nov 28th
Marched 18 miles today in a North-easterly course Are now with the Right Wing the Left having gone toward Louisville, Ga.
The weather is very beautiful. the troops seem happy, plenty to eat. My foot is quite sore, dressed it this evening. Were I home Mother w'ld know just what to do to it
 
                                                           
 
Nov 29th 1864. Burton Ga
            Moved about fifteen miles today our course has been almost due East through pine forests over swamps and creeks.
Nov 30th Burton Ga. m. 91/2
Arrived here this evening rather late marched about ten miles crossed the Ogeechee River, a stream about the size of the little Miami. our course a little North of East
 
Dec 1st 1864. 2/09 Ga.
Are on the Ga Central Railroad. The above number designates the Station. Moved five (5) miles today
            The road passd over was wretchedly bad. water on the road 3 feet deep. I have heard a great deal of the swamps of Ga. but now I can
 
                                                           
 
realize them.
 
Near Millan Dec 2d 1864
Moved but a few miles today.
South of Millen Dec 3d 1864
Crossed Buck Head Creek on the ponton bridge, went into camp about four miles this side Millen had just got fixed when the Genl ordered tents struck and we moved about 2 miles farther.
 
Dec 4th 1864
Moved from Station #7 to #5½ a distance of 1½ miles passed over some very pretty country. truly these pine forests are grand to look upon The advance of the 17th Corps was fired on here by a party who took good care to do it at long range and take
 
                                                           
 
to their heels immediately after
Dec 5th #4—Oliver Ga
Moved from 5½ crossed the Little Ogeechee the enemy had erected some fortifications seemingly to oppose our crossing but Genl Howard getting in the rear of them caused a sudden evacuation on their part.
 
Dec 6th/64 Little Ogeechee or Oliver
Have lain in camp today having it in a very beautiful lawn of in front of Mr. Luffenburo's residence which he deserted fearing we would shell it, having been so informed by the Rebel Genl in command at that place. Upon our arrival there our troops finding the place deserted smashed things up up generally. The residence
 
                                                           
 
and surroundings indicate that the landlord was in good circumstances
This evening the lady of the house returned and upon finding her home so literally ransacked she wept and wished she had remained there. It is very strange these people deem us us all as outlaws
 
Dec 7th/64 Near #3 G.C.R.R.
Moved 13 miles today thro' the rain. I rode a horse and of course got more or less wet
 
Dec 8th K. River Church
Left #3 this morning at 7 o'clock and arrived here in good season having gone 13 miles. Have heard heavy & distant cannonading toward Savannah. opinion privately that either our fleet is bombarding the place or the Naval Comdr is
 
                                                           
 
signaling to Genl Sherman
 
Dec 9th 1864 Dooley No 1 1864
Moved 10 miles today but not without opposition. The enemy met us behind their breast works but were soon driven therefrom They had torpedoes placed in the road the Adjt of the 1st Ala. Cavalry was severely wounded by one. they are so arranged that if they are touched the least bit they explode and containing from 20 to 25 # of powder they are very destructive Such a mode of warfare is barbarous
 
Dec 10th Near Savannah Ga
There are frequent impediments to progression such was the case with us today. The enemy being in our front permitted us to move but about three miles
 
                                                           
 
There has been quite heavy skirmishing all day and also cannonading a number were killed and many wounded The enemy has a battery of on a car which they use with some execution. there was a locomotive attached to the car and after they had fired at us they would run it into their lines, thus preventing us from capturing it. The Genl came very near being hit today by a solid shot which did debilitate a Negro. Our Fleet still continues to thunder away at what I am prevented from knowing as we are not yet in communication with it A few more days will, I hope, bring us together again with the outside world. Surely one naturally becomes lonesome even tho' surrounded with life if he is prevented from hearing
 
                                                           
 
from hearing from friends at home. Already has a month passed since I recd a joyful messenger from home.
 
Dec 11th/64 Near Savannah
Sabbath day. how unlike that day at home. Here "Dread Battle stamps his foot" there Peace and Quiet reign supreme Our Army now encircles the city. there must be "hurrying to and fro" within its gates We will not move today 'tis night. Would that the Sabbath were respected by all!
Dec 12th/64. Near Savannah Ga
Have lain in camp today Rumor says the 20th Corps captured two (2) Rebel gunboats today. 12th/64 Nothing new
            13th/64
This is the fourth day in this camp at 4 o'clock and thirty minutes today the 2d
 
                                                           
 
Division of the 15 A.C. Genl. Hazen Comdg charged assaulted and took Fort McAllister with all the garrison and armament The carnage is said to have been dreadful. The capture of the Fort was very necessary for us, as it prevented us from having communication with the Fleet. Now that the Fort is in our hands our Fleet can come up the Ogeechee to within two miles of our Right and keep our Army well supplied with provisions. The fall of Savannah is now a question of time.
 
Dec 16th just one month ago today we left the City of Atlanta almost a sheet of flame and commenced our march through
 
                                                           
 
Ga.it has thus far been successful.
Dec 17th/64
Have a very beautiful camp among the live oaks and pines
Are in uninterrupted communication with our Fleet
 
Dec 25th Hilton Head S.C.
Left Savannah this morning on the Steamer Canonicus and arrived here after sailing some 50 miles
Dec 26th Staid in a Saloon last evening it being the only place we could obtain. Left Hilton Head at one (1) o'clock on the Steamer "Arago" have as yet experienced no sea sickness
 
Dec 28th
Fortress Monroe
 
                                                           
 
Arrived here this evening having had a most disagreeable trip from Hilton Head
yet having had no sea sickness.
 
Baltimore Dec 30 29
Took passage last evening on the steamer Adelaide and arrived here at 7 A.M. having traveled some 230 miles on Chesapeak Bay
 
                                                           
 
Capt James Stewart
76 O.V.I.
K S Brunman
 
C
            New York
 
                                                           
 
John Walker to
Theodore R Vaughan              Dr
For 1 Razor                             .50
6½ #s Sugar    3½ due
5 #s Coffee
 
Sunday Wednesday and
Sometimes Friday I will
write home
 
Sunday Tuesdays and
Thursdays
 
owe Archie 50¢
 
                                                           
 
[newspaper clipping]
 
   Interesting Lecture—Rev. M. P. Gaddis will on to-morrow evening deliver a lecture at the George street M.P. Church, upon the Bombardment of Fort Sumter and its past, present and future results. An admission fee of 25 cents will be charged, as the proceeds of the lecture will be tendered to the deserving pastor of the George street church, Rev. Joseph White.
   Sergeant Gaddis Freyberger, of the Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, one of the three hundred prisoners who lately dug out of Danville prison, will be present and relate the manner of their escape and subsequent trials in reaching the Federal lines. We hope to see a crowded house as the occasion will be one of interest.
 
Jones—1st Stopping place
Gouldings—2nd
Widow Jackson—3rd
McHurds—4th
Berrys—5th
            6th
Bores are selfish, callow pachydermatous animals; and these qualities are peculiarly disagreeable in women
 
No. 13. Water
Between M & M
 
                                                           
 
Take heed brethren that there be in any of you an evil heart in departing from the living God
 
John Walker
Theodore R. Vaughn              Cr
For one month cooking           2.00
Paid $1.50 for tobacco for Maj Bascom. March 25th/64
Borrowed $2 from Bassett.
 
W. H. Barber
1777
DATABASE CONTENT
(1777)DL0298Letters

Civil War Diary of Theodore R. Vaughn, 1862-1864, Including Pages on Sherman's March to the Sea


Tags: African Americans, Animals, Atlanta Campaign, Boredom, Camp/Lodging, Cards/Gambling, Clothing, Destruction of Land/Property, Drilling, Duty, Fighting, Food, Foraging/Theft, Home, Illnesses, Injuries, Leadership (Soldiers' Perceptions of), Mail, Marching, March to the Sea, Newspapers, P. G. T. Beauregard, Philip Sheridan, Picket Duty, Planters/Plantations, Poetry, "Rebels" (Unionist opinions of), Religion, Rivers, Ships/Boats, Telegraph, Unionism, William T. Sherman

People - Records: 1

  • (5201) [writer] ~ Vaughan, Theodore Riley
SOURCES

Theodore R. Vaughan Diary, DL0298, Nau Collection