Charles G. Satterlee was born on October 12, 1839, in New York to Abram Satterlee and Hulda Ferguson. The family lived in Fulton County, New York, where Abram worked as a farmer. Satterlee attended school in Fulton County, and he enlisted in the Union army on December 3, 1861. He mustered in as a private in Battery K of the 3rd New York Light Artillery later that day. The regiment helped defend Washington, D.C., until December 1862, when the army transferred it to North Carolina. Satterlee mustered out in Auburn, New York, on June 2, 1863.
Satterlee returned to Fulton County, and he married Molly Clark sometime before 1865. The couple apparently had no children. Satterlee worked as a glove cutter and grocer, and by 1870, he owned $800 of real estate. He applied for a federal pension on July 12, 1890, and ultimately secured one. He remained in Fulton County for the rest of his life, dying there on March 18, 1922.