James Goodison was born on December 25, 1839, in New Jersey to William and Margaret Goodison. He grew up and attended school in Warren County, New Jersey, and by the early 1860s, he was working as a miller.
He enlisted in the Union army on September 3, 1862, and he mustered in as a private in Company I of the 31st New Jersey Infantry two weeks later. The regiment took part in the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Goodison mustered out on June 24, 1863.
He settled in Oakland, Michigan, after leaving the army, and he married a woman named Sarah around 1864. They had at least four children: Belle, born around 1865; Edward, born around 1866; Jane, born around 1869; and Alice, born around 1874. He worked as a farmer and a miller, and by 1870, he owned $1,500 of real estate. He applied for a federal pension in July 1890 and eventually secured one. He died of “cancer of [the] neck in Rochester, Michigan, on June 18, 1915.