J. F. Robertson was born around 1842 in Georgia to Samuel Robertson and Celia Martin. His father was a farmer who owned $5,500 of real estate and $1,700 of personal property in 1860. The family lived in Cobb County, Georgia, and Robertson worked as a farm laborer there. He enlisted in the Confederate army on August 21, 1861, and mustered in as a private in Company A of the 18th Georgia Infantry. He died in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in May 1864.