James Morrow was born on March 22, 1819, in Ireland to William Morrow and Margaret McBride. His father was a farmer. He eventually immigrated to America and settled in Bristol, New York. He married a woman named Elizabeth, and they had at least five children: Mary, born around 1851; William, born around 1855; Thomas, born around 1858; Ellen, born around 1860; and Ann, born around 1873. He worked as a farmer and day laborer, and by 1860, he owned $350 of real estate and $100 of personal property.
He enlisted in the Union army on August 29, 1862, and he mustered in as a private in Company E of the 160th New York Infantry on November 21. According to his service records, he was 5 feet, 3 inches tall, with dark hair and blue eyes. The regiment took part in the siege of Port Hudson, the Red River campaign, and the Shenandoah Valley campaign. He mustered out on November 1, 1865.
He returned to Bristol after the war and resumed his work as a farmer. He applied for a federal pension in April 1881 and eventually secured one. He probably died in the 1880s.