Luther Harrison was born on September 4, 1846, in Sunbury, Pennsylvania, to George and Rebecca Harrison. His father was a bricklayer who owned $600 of real estate and $100 of personal property by 1860. He grew up and attended school in Sunbury. He served in the 36th Pennsylvania Militia Infantry from July 2, 1863, until August 11, 1863, and he later served as a clerk under General Christopher C. Augur in the Department of Washington.
He remained in Washington, D.C., after the war, and he worked as a clerk in the Department of the Interior. According to an early biographer, he “rose rapidly through the ranks,” and he was “successively promoted to be principal clerk on private land claims, chief clerk of the general land office and…assistant commissioner of the same bureau.” He married Juliet Gambriell on August 21, 1870, and their daughter Edith was born around 1878. He resigned on September 1, 1885, and he died in Washington, D.C., on January 26, 1891.