Woodbury Hall was born on August 3, 1832, in Woolwich, Maine, to Thomas and Sarah Hall. His father was a farmer who owned $425 of real estate by 1850. He grew up and attended school in Woolwich, and by 1850, he was working as a laborer. He married Mary Dodge on September 18, 1853, and they had at least six children: Marietta, born around 1857; Edgar, born around 1859; Lizzie, born around 1861; Fred, born around 1866; Isabel, born around 1868; and Thomas, born around 1860. By 1860, he was working as a ship carpenter in Woolwich. He owned $700 of real estate and $75 of personal property.
He enlisted in the Union army on June 4, 1861, and he mustered in as a corporal in Company D of the 3rd Maine Infantry. The regiment took part in the First Battle of Manassas, the Peninsula campaign, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg, and the Overland Campaign. He was promoted to sergeant in September 1861, 2nd lieutenant in June 1862, and 1st lieutenant in June 1863. He mustered out in June 1864.
He settled in Vienna, Maine, after leaving the army, and he earned a living as a farmer. By 1870, he owned $2,000 of real estate and $1,600 of personal property. He applied for a federal pension in September 1889 and eventually received one. By 1890, he was suffering from heart trouble. He died of heart failure in Vienna on February 6, 1903.