Cornelius Smith was born around 1844 in Pennsylvania to Henry and Sarah Jane Smith. His father was a farmer who owned $700 of real estate and $75 of personal property in 1860. He grew up and attended school in Warrington, Pennsylvania, and by 1860, he was working as a farm laborer. He enlisted in the Union army on February 12, 1862, and mustered in as a private in Company A of the 107th Pennsylvania Infantry later that day. The regiment took part in the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, the Overland Campaign, and the siege of Petersburg. He was wounded at Antietam, but he eventually recovered and rejoined the regiment. He died at Weldon Railroad, Virginia, on August 19, 1864, after “grape shot [struck] him in the stomach.”