Elijah Newlon was born around 1813 in Virginia to David and Mary Newlon. The family moved to Penn, Ohio, by the 1820s, and his parents probably died in the 1830s. He married Catherine Butt on January 17, 1839, and they had at least eight children: Marietta, born around 1840; Emery, born around 1843; Eden, born around 1844; William, born around 1847; John, born around 1849; Emma, born around 1853; Cyrus, born around 1854; and Celista, born around 1859.
He settled in Deerfield, Ohio, in the 1830s and earned a living as a farmer. By 1850, he owned $2,000 of real estate. A decade later, he owned $4,500 of real estate and $650 of personal property, and by 1870, his wealth had increased to $6,000 of real estate and $2,000 of personal property. By 1880, he owned 174 acres of land, and he produced 200 bushels of corn and 250 bushels of wheat. He died sometime after 1880.