Samuel Emlen Pittman was born on June 25, 1831, in Tecumseh, Michigan, to David Pittman. He married Mary Mizner around 1856, and they had at least six children: Lansing, born around 1856; Mary, born around 1860; Samuel, born around 1864; Catherine, born around 1871; Julia, born around 1871; and Elizabeth, born around 1873.
They lived in Detroit, Michigan, and Pittman worked as a railroad clerk. On September 24, 1861, he received a commission as a 1st lieutenant in Company B of the 1st Michigan Infantry. The regiment took part in the Peninsula campaign, the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, and the Battle of Chancellorsville. On May 22, 1863, he was promoted to captain and assistant adjutant general. He mustered out on September 7, 1864. He later received a brevet promotion to colonel.
Pittman returned to Detroit after the war, and he earned a living as a manufacturer. He died of myocarditis in Detroit on March 31, 1922.