James Winston Thompson was born around 1842. By the early 1860s, he was living in Virginia. He enlisted in the Confederate army on April 13, 1863, and he mustered in as a private in Company G of the 36th Virginia Infantry later that day. According to his service records, he was 5 feet, 10 inches tall, and he had hazel eyes. The regiment took part in the Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1864, and he deserted on October 1, 1864. On June 13, 1865, he swore an oath not to “take up arms against the United States government.” He died sometime after 1865.