George W. Moulton was born around November 1828 in Framingham, Massachusetts, to Joseph Moulton and Mary Kimball. By 1850, he was working as a cordwainer. He married Mary Jane Moore on January 6, 1850, but she probably died in the early 1850s. He married Sarah A. Gault on June 19, 1854, and they had at least three children: Armenia, born around 1856; William, born around 1858; and Frederick, born around 1860. They lived in Wayland, Massachusetts.
He enlisted in the Union army on August 4, 1862, and he mustered in as a private in Company I of the 39th Massachusetts Infantry on August 25. The regiment took part in the Overland Campaign, the siege of Petersburg, and the Appomattox campaign. He was wounded at Laurel Hill, Virginia, on May 12, 1864, but he eventually recovered and rejoined the regiment. He mustered out on June 2, 1865.
He returned to Massachusetts after the war and earned a living as a shoemaker. His wife probably died in the 1860s, and he married Ellen Cutter on March 6, 1866. By 1870, they owned $700 of personal property. They lived in Chelsea, Massachusetts, until the 1870s, when they moved to Boston, Massachusetts. By 1880, Moulton was working as a policeman. They moved to Natick, Massachusetts, in the late 1800s, and he died of myocarditis there on February 8, 1907.