Walker Anderson was born around 1835 in North Carolina to Walker and Phoebe Anderson. His father was a lawyer who owned $2,00 of real estate by 1850. His father apparently died in the 1850s. Anderson grew up and attended school in Escambia County, Florida. By 1860, he was working as a lawyer, and he owned $1,000 of personal property.
He enlisted in the Confederate army in April 1861, and he mustered in as a private in Company A of the 1st Florida Infantry. The regiment took part in the Battle of Shiloh and the siege of Corinth, and he received a minor wound at Shiloh. He earned a promotion to 1st lieutenant and then to captain, and he served on the staffs of several Confederate generals. He took part in the Battle of Perryville, the Battle of Murfreesboro, the Battle of Missionary Ridge, and the Atlanta campaign. He was wounded on May 15, 1864, in the Battle of Resaca, and he died near Atlanta, Georgia, two days later.