John Day Talley was born on November 10, 1843, in Delaware to Hezekiah Talley. His father was a farmer who owned $3,000 of real estate and $600 of personal property by 1860. His mother probably died in the 1840s. Talley grew up and attended school in Brandywine Hundred, Delaware, and by 1870, he was working as a clerk in Wilmington, Delaware. He married Mary W. Dixon on March 20, 1871, and they had at least four children: Preston, born around 1872; Fannie, born around 1874; Sadie, born around 1875; and Annie, born around 1878.
They lived in Wilmington, and Talley worked in a flour mill. They moved to Brooklyn, New York, in the late 1800s, and Talley worked as a salesman there. He died of chronic cystitis in New York City on March 14, 1903.