Edgar Atkins was born around 1846 in Maine to Elisha and Lucy Atkins. His father was a box maker who owned $800 of personal property by 1860. He grew up and attended school in Augusta, Maine.
He enlisted in the Union army on June 1, 1863, and he mustered in as a private in Company I of the 1st Maine Cavalry. The regiment took part in the Battle of Gettysburg, the Overland Campaign, and the siege of Petersburg. He mustered out on June 20, 1865.
He moved to Minnesota after the war, and he married Electa M. Chapman on November 8, 1874. They had at least two children: Charles, born around 1876; and Helen, born around 1880. They lived in St. Cloud, Minnesota, and Atkins worked as a teamster. They later moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, and Atkins died there on April 29, 1897.