John Anderson Richardson was born on April 5, 1838, near Palmetto, Georgia. He graduated from Emory College.
He received a commission as a 2nd lieutenant in Company C of the 19th Georgia Infantry in 1861. The regiment took part in the Seven Days’ Battles, the Battle of Second Manassas, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the siege of Petersburg, and the Carolinas campaign. He was promoted to 1st lieutenant in February 1864, and he may have earned a promotion to captain later that year. He was wounded at least twice: at Cedar Mountain in August 1862 and at Chancellorsville in May 1863. The regiment surrendered on April 26, 1865, as part of General Joseph E. Johnston’s Army of Tennessee.
He returned to Georgia after the war, and he married Lucy E. Jones on December 12, 1866. By 1870, he was working as a teacher in Atlanta, Georgia, and he owned $300 of real estate. He taught mathematics at Oglethorpe College in the early 1870s, and he taught school in Orange County, Florida in the 1880s. He returned to Atlanta by the early 1900s, and he died there on March 20, 1919.