Harlow H. Bowen was born on December 4, 1837, in Ohio to Morse Bowen. His father was a farmer who owned $700 of real estate by 1850. He grew up and attended school in Greene, Ohio, and he moved to Wisconsin in the 1850s. He married Victoria Chestnut on April 7, 1859, and they had two children: Sophronia, born on March 17, 1860; and Norman, born on August 17, 1861.
He enlisted in the Union army on September 12, 1861, and he mustered in as a private in Company F of the 10th Wisconsin Infantry. He eventually earned a promotion to sergeant. The regiment took part in the Battle of Perryville, the Battle of Stones River, and the Battle of Chickamauga. Confederate forces captured him at Chickamauga on September 20, 1863, and imprisoned him at Andersonville Prison. He died there of disease in June 1864.