Bradford Carter was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, around 1828. His owner was John Coles Carter, who migrated from Virginia to Missouri in 1852 and owned 126 slaves in Pike and Lincoln Counties by 1860. Bradford and the other slaves grew tobacco, wheat, and corn.
Bradford Carter enlisted in the 65th USCT Infantry Regiment on February 11, 1864, at Benton Barracks, Missouri. At the time of his enlistment, he was 36 years old, and stood 5 feet, 1 inch tall, with black hair, eyes, and complexion. His owner, John Coles Carter, later explained in a postwar claim that he could not produce records of enlistment for his former slaves because they had fled to Union lines. He claimed that they enlisted “away from home and without the knowledge of this applicant.” Bradford Carter mustered into Company A of the 65th USCT on February 25 and received a promotion to corporal the same day. Carter’s regiment was formally organized on March 11 and served in the Department of Missouri. Shortly thereafter, however, the regiment was reassigned and transferred to the District of Morganza, Louisiana in the Department of the Gulf. Bradford Carter performed garrison duty at Morganza until he contracted an unknown disease. He was admitted to the Regimental Hospital in Morganza but died shortly thereafter from an unspecified disease on September 26, 1864.