Liberty Brown Carter was born into slavery in Albemarle County, Virginia, around 1845. At the time of his enlistment, he was only 19 years old and was owned by John Carter, Jr., the son of John Coles Carter. Liberty Brown made the trip west with the Carters in 1852, when they migrated to Pike County, Missouri.
Liberty Brown Carter enlisted in the 67th USCT Infantry Regiment on January 18, 1864, in Louisiana, Missouri. At the time of his enlistment, he was only 17 years old. He stood 5 feet, 6 inches tall, with black hair, eyes, and a dark copper complexion. He was mustered into Company E of the 67th USCT on January 29 at Benton Barracks, Missouri, as a private. Shortly before Carter's regiment was formally organized, he contracted a disease and was sent to the post hospital in Benton Barracks, Missouri. Carter passed away on February 17 due to complications from measles.