William H. Schmale (Small) was born on April 2, 1842, in Kunkletown, Pennsylvania, to George and Catherine Schmale. His father was a farmer who owned $4,000 of real estate and $800 of personal property by 1860. He grew up and attended school in Eldred, Pennsylvania, and by 1860, he was working as a farm laborer. He married Catherine Kresge around 1861, and they had at least five children: Mary, born around 1862; Sarah, born around 1863; Charles, born around 1868; Telasa, born around 1870; and Embrew, born around 1876.
He enlisted in the Union army on February 25, 1864, and he mustered in as a private in Company D of the 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry later that day. The regiment took part in the Siege of Petersburg and the Appomattox Campaign. He mustered out on August 13, 1865.
Schmale returned to Eldred after the war and earned a living as a farmer. By 1870, he owned $1,800 of real estate and $950 of personal property. His wife died on February 21, 1915, and he passed away in of “acute indigestion” in Polk, Pennsylvania, on August 29, 1930.