Samuel S. Wilson was born around 1830 in North Carolina to Thomas Wilson and Rebecca Williams. His father was a surveyor who owned $600 of real estate in 1850. Wilson grew up in Cleveland County, North Carolina, and by 1850, he was working as a farmer. His father probably died there around 1851. By 1860, Wilson was working as a farmer and helping support his mother and siblings. He owned $500 of real estate and $513 of personal property.
He enlisted in the Confederate army on March 29, 1862, and mustered in as a private in Company C of the 55th North Carolina Infantry. According to his service records, he was 5 feet, 8½ inches tall, with brown hair and grey eyes. The regiment took part in the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of the Wilderness, the Battle of Cold Harbor, and the siege of Petersburg.
He was captured at Hatcher’s Run on March 31, 1865, and spent the next several months imprisoned at City Point, Virginia. He was finally released on June 30, 1865. He probably died in Cleveland County on August 6, 1865.