Osborne Dyer was born around 1839 in Maine to Asa and Sally Dyer. His father was a farmer who owned $800 of real estate and $200 of personal property. He grew up and attended school in Baldwin, Maine, and by 1860, he was working as a farm laborer. He enlisted in the Union army on September 29, 1862, and mustered in as a private in Company K of the 25th Maine Infantry later that day. The regiment spent the next nine months stationed around Washington, D.C., and he mustered out on July 10, 1863. He was drafted into military service again on September 19, 1864, and mustered in as a private in Company D of the 9th Maine Infantry. The regiment took part in the siege of Petersburg and the Carolinas campaign. He mustered out again on June 15, 1865, and returned home to Maine. He died in Baldwin on August 2, 1865.