Henry Shouldise was born on February 10, 1840, in Adare, Ireland, to William and Rebecca Shouldise. The family immigrated to America sometime before 1860 and settled in Owen, Indiana. His father worked as a farmer there, and by 1860, the family owned $50 of personal property. His father died on September 19, 1861, and Shouldise worked as a farmer to help support the family.
He enlisted in the Union army on August 29, 1862, and he mustered in as a private in Company I of the 81st Indiana Infantry later that day. According to later testimony, he “constantly and regularly contributed to his mother’s support” during his time in the military. The regiment took part in the Battle of Perryville, the Battle of Stones River, the Battle of Chickamauga, the siege of Chattanooga, and the Atlanta campaign. He was wounded on July 4, 1864, in the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, and surgeons amputated his left arm. They sent him to a hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, and he died there on August 1, 1864.