James H. Bramblett was born around 1837 in South Carolina to Thomas Bramblett and Nancy Childress. His father died around 1838, and his mother married Silas Riddle by the early 1840s. His stepfather was a farmer who owned $500 of real estate by 1850. Bramblett grew up and attended school in Laurens District, South Carolina.
He enlisted in the Confederate army on August 11, 1861, and he mustered in as a private in Company C of the 14th South Carolina Infantry. According to his service records, he was 5 feet, 8 inches tall, with black hair and blue eyes. The regiment took part in the Second Battle of Manassas, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg, the Overland Campaign, the siege of Petersburg, and the Appomattox campaign.
He eventually earned a promotion to corporal and then to sergeant, but he was reduced to the ranks on July 18, 1863. Union forces captured him on April 3, 1865, and imprisoned him at Point Lookout, Maryland. He swore an oath of allegiance to the Union on June 24, 1865. He died sometime after the war.