Richard P. Wheeler was born on August 19, 1835, in Danvers, Massachusetts, to Asa Wheeler and Louisa Robinson. His father earned a living as a butcher. His mother died on November 3, 1840, and his father married Mehitable Perley on April 30, 1842. He grew up and attended school in Salem, Massachusetts, before beginning work as a merchant. His father died on June 1, 1854, and afterward, he provided financial support for his step-mother and his half-siblings.
He enlisted in the Union army, and he mustered in as a sergeant in the 23rd Massachusetts Infantry on September 28, 1861. The regiment took part in General Ambrose Burnside’s North Carolina expedition and the Overland Campaign. In June 1862, he observed that “doing duty in a loyal state and doing it in a disloyal one is two things, in one every thing is quiet and one can lie down to sleep and feel sure of a good nights sleep, while in the other you neaver know when you are safe or how long you can sleep.”
He was promoted to 2nd lieutenant in July 1862 and then to 1st lieutenant in January 1863. He was wounded in the abdomen in the Battle of Drewry’s Bluff in May 1864, and he died in Fortress Monroe, Virginia, on June 2, 1864.