Timothy Dodge Abbott was born around 1845 in Troy, Vermont, to Adams Abbott and Elizabeth Dodge. His father was a farmer who owned $4,500 of real estate and $2,000 of personal property by 1860. Abbott grew up and attended school in Troy, Vermont. He enlisted in the Union army on August 24, 1861, and he mustered in as a private in Company D of the 5th Vermont Infantry on September 16. According to his service records, he was 5 feet, 6 inches tall, with light hair and blue eyes. The regiment took part in the Battle of Williamsburg, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg, and the Overland Campaign. At some point during the war, he was injured in both legs and in the left eye. He mustered out on September 15, 1864.
Abbott returned to Troy after leaving the army, and he married Mary E. Decker there on December 12, 1864. They had at least three children: Perly, born around 1867; Harriet, born around 1869; and Hattie, born around 1870. He worked as a farmer. He applied for a federal pension in November 1879 and eventually received one. His wife died in the early 1880s, and he married Martha Mudgett on December 25, 1884. He remained in Troy for the rest of his life, and he died there of bronchitis on October 25, 1895.