Abel U. Brown was born on September 24, 1839, in Howard, New York, to Emerson and Sarah Brown. His father was a gardener who owned $250 of real estate and $100 of personal property by 1860. He grew up and attended school in Howard, and by 1860, he was working as a laborer.
He enlisted in the Union army on August 30, 1862, and he mustered in as a private in Company F of the 161st New York Infantry on September 19. The regiment took part in the siege of Port Hudson, the Red River campaign, and the Mobile campaign. He was promoted to corporal in September 1864. He fell ill at least twice during the war, in April 1863 and October 1864. He mustered out on September 20, 1865.
He returned to Howard after the war, and he married a woman named Glovina in the late 1860s. They had at least two children: Hiram, born around 1868; and Edwin, born around 1871. He worked as a day laborer, and by 1870, he owned $500 of real estate and $200 of personal property. He supported the Republican Party, and he served as town clerk and supervisor. He also served as a local postmaster from 1875 until 1884 and again from 1889 until 1894.
By 1880, he was working as a merchant and farmer. He applied for a federal pension in September 1883 and eventually secured one. His wife died in the late 1800s. He died in Howard on August 2, 1914, “after a long illness.”