Hugh Fraser was born around 1843 in Scotland to Alexander and Margaret Fraser. His father was a plasterer who owned no real estate. The family immigrated to America around 1844 and settled in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Fraser grew up and attended school there, and his father died sometime in the 1850s.
He enlisted in the Union army on May 1, 1861, and he mustered in as a private in Company C of the 38th Pennsylvania Infantry later that day. The regiment passed through Washington, D.C., in July 1861, and Fraser marveled at the White House and the Capitol building. The “rotunda of the Capitol,” he wrote, “is magnificent beyond Description.” In April 1862, he wrote that he “cherish[ed] no malice or hatred for the rebels. No doubt many of them are deceived.” Nonetheless, Fraser remained devoted to the Union, vowing to “do what I can for my country.” He was “happy that I have been able to do something for the cause of Liberty and Union.” If Confederate soldiers “have not the caution to be sure they are on the right side,” he continued, then “they must take the consequences.”
On July 9, 1862, after surviving “3 battles & [being] in reserve of two others,” he observed that “it is a miracle that I have escaped for I have been places where the bullets were coming seemingly as thick as hail & shell & solid shot lighting & bursting all around me.” He insisted that his family “must not attribute it to Cowardice that I was not shot for whenever our Regiment was ordered in I was in my place all the time.” He was killed in action on August 30, 1862, in the Second Battle of Bull Run.