Charles D. Prouty was born on June 9, 1843, in Brattleboro, Vermont, to Samuel and Helen Prouty. His father was a tinsmith who owned $1,500 of real estate in 1850. He moved to Cuyahoga County, Ohio, by the early 1860s. He enlisted in the Union army on August 20, 1861, and mustered in as a private in the 14th Ohio Light Artillery on September 10, 1861. He was discharged for disability on August 30, 1862. After leaving the army, he apparently moved to Milford, Massachusetts, where he worked as a mason. He then enlisted in Company G of the 2nd Massachusetts Heavy Artillery on September 1, 1864. He mustered out on June 26, 1865.
Prouty married Hellen L. Seers on September 8, 1868, and they had at least three children: Ella, born around 1870; Edith, born around 1879; and Charles, born around 1880. They lived in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and Prouty worked as a milk peddler. By 1900, he was working as a mason. He died on May 3, 1930.