Rudolph G. Quickel was born in York County, Pennsylvania, on July 20, 1838, to Michael and Jane Quickel. His father was a farmer who owned $3,000 of real estate in 1850. He grew up and attended school in Dover, Pennsylvania. He moved to Jackson, Indiana, around 1859, and by 1860, he was working as a day laborer on the farm of William and Sarah Mason.
He enlisted in the Union army on August 9, 1862, and he mustered in as a private in Company D of the 69th Indiana Infantry later that day. The regiment took part in the Vicksburg campaign, the Red River campaign, and the Battle of Fort Blakely. He mustered out in Mobile, Alabama, on July 5, 1865.
Quickel returned to Indiana after the war, and he married Charity E. Fox on November 12, 1865. They had at least two children: Dora, born around 1866; and Elnora, born around 1866. They lived in Hagerstown, Indiana, and Quickel worked as a carpenter. By 1870, they owned $520 of real estate and $100 of personal property. They moved to Jefferson, Indiana, in the 1870s, and Quickel worked as a miller there. He applied for a federal pension in January 1888 and eventually secured one. His health began declining in the 1910s, and he retired in June 1913. He died of Bright’s disease in Jefferson on October 17, 1913.