Daniel Voorhis Personius was born on June 25, 1847, in Caroline, New York, to William and Almira Personius. His father was a farmer who owned $4,380 of real estate and $900 of personal property by 1860. He grew up and attended school in Caroline, New York, and by the early 1860s, he was working as a farmer.
He enlisted in the Union army on January 21, 1864, and he mustered in as a private in Company G of the 50th New York Engineers. According to his service records, he was 5 feet, 5 inches tall, with black hair and hazel eyes. The regiment took part in the Overland Campaign, the siege of Petersburg, and the Appomattox campaign. He mustered out on June 13, 1865.
Personius returned to Caroline after the war and resumed his work as a farmer. He married Elizabeth Piatt around 1869, and they had at least three children: William, born around 1871; Mattie, born around 1873; and Ada, born around 1876. They moved to Barton, New York, in the 1870s, and to Waverly, New York, in the 1880s. By 1900, he was working as a merchant. He died in Waverly on October 15, 1908.