Paul Chadbourn was born around 1834 in Maine to Nathan and Betsey Chadbourn. His father was a farmer who owned $7,000 of real estate by 1850. By 1850, Chadbourn was attending school in Berwick, Maine. By the early 1860s, he was living in Waterboro, Maine, and a local writer described him as “one of the best citizens there.”
In October 1861, he received a commission as a 1st lieutenant in Company I of the 1st Maine Cavalry. The regiment took part in the Second Battle of Manassas, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Gettysburg, and the Overland Campaign. He was promoted to captain in 1863.
He remained devoted to the Union. In October 1864, as his term of service neared its end, he wrote that he had “not yet decided whether I will go home or remain another year.” He confessed that “I ought to have a good rest and yet I feel if I have any love of country, any patriotism or pride to see the end of this most hellish rebellion I ought to remain.” If he returned home, he added, “the detestable Copperheads would be such a source of torment to me I would not rest much.”
He ultimately remained in the army, and he was wounded near Boydton Plank Road, Virginia, on October 27, 1864. He was promoted to major on February 21, 1865, and he mustered out on August 1, 1865.
He settled in Saco, Maine, after the war. He applied for a federal pension in August 1866 and eventually secured one. He married Florence M. Patten on November 24, 1869, and they had at least two children: Ralph, born around 1871; and Herbert, born around 1877. He worked as a furniture dealer in Saco, and by 1870, he owned $800 of real estate and $6,000 of personal property. He died of consumption in Portland, Maine, on January 4, 1886.